Tk - Windows Manager

Window manager is used to handle the top level window. It helps in controlling the size, position, and other attributes of the window. In Tk, . is used to refer the main window. The syntax for window command is shown below −

wm option window arguments

The list of options available for Tk wm command is shown in the following table −

S.No.	Syntax & Description
1	aspect windowName a b c d Tries to maintain the ratio of width/height to be between a/b and c/d.
2	geometry windowName geometryParams Use to set geometry for window.
3	grid windowName w h dx dy Sets the grid size.
4	group windowName leaderName leaderName gives the leader of a group of related windows.
5	deiconify windowName Brings the screen to normal if minimized.
6	iconify windowName Minimizes the window.
7	state windowName Returns the current state of window.
8	withdraw windowName Unmaps the window and removes its details in memory.
9	iconbitmap windowName image Sets or returns the icon bitmap.
10	iconPhoto windowName image Sets or returns the icon photo.
11	command windowName commandString Records the startup command in the WM_COMMAND property.
12	protocol windowName arguments Register a command to handle the protocol request name, which can be WM_DELETE_WINDOW, WM_SAVE_YOURSELF, WM_TAKE_FOCUS. Eg: wm protocol. WM_DELETE_WINDOW Quit.
13	minsize windowName size Determines the minimum window size.
14	maxsize windowName size Determines the maximum window size.
15	title windowName titleText Determines the title for window.
16	attributes subOptions There are lots of attributes available like alpha, full screen and so on.

Some of the above commands are used in the following example −

#!/usr/bin/wish

wm maxsize . 800 800
wm minsize . 300 300
wm title . "Hello"
wm attributes . -alpha ".90" 
wm geometry . 300x200+100+100

When we run the above program, we will get the following output −
As you can see alpha is one of the attributes available. The list of commonly used subcommands are listed below −

S.No.	Syntax & Description
1	-alpha number Sets the alpha for window.
2	-fullscreen number Number can be 0 for normal screen or 1 for full screen.
3	-topmost number Sets or returns whether window is topmost.Value can be 0 or 1.

Creating Window

We can use toplevel command to create window and an example is shown below −

#!/usr/bin/wish

toplevel .t

When we run the above program, we will get the following output −

Destroying Window

We can use destroy command to destroy window and an example is shown below −

#!/usr/bin/wish

destroy .t

The above command will destroy window named .t.

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