Error handling in ASP.NET has three aspects:
To understand the concepts, create the following sample application. It has a label control, a dropdown list, and a link. The dropdown list loads an array list of famous quotes and the selected quote is shown in the label below. It also has a hyperlink which has points to a nonexistent link.
It provides the following information at the top:
Under the top level information, there is Trace log, which provides
details of page life cycle. It provides elapsed time in seconds since
the page was initialized.
The next section is control tree, which lists all controls on the page in a hierarchical manner:
Last in the Session and Application state summaries, cookies, and headers collections followed by list of all server variables.
The Trace object allows you to add custom information to the trace output. It has two methods to accomplish this: the Write method and the Warn method.
Change the Page_Load event handler to check the Write method:
To check the Warn method, let us forcibly enter some erroneous code in the selected index changed event handler:
Application level tracing applies to all the pages in the web site.
It is implemented by putting the following code lines in the web.config
file:
Hence, to intercept such occurrence, you can add error handing settings in the web.config file of the application. It is application-wide error handling. For example, you can add the following lines in the web.config file:
To implement page level error handling, the Page directive could be modified:
- Tracing - tracing the program execution at page level or application level.
- Error handling - handling standard errors or custom errors at page level or application level.
- Debugging - stepping through the program, setting break points to analyze the code
To understand the concepts, create the following sample application. It has a label control, a dropdown list, and a link. The dropdown list loads an array list of famous quotes and the selected quote is shown in the label below. It also has a hyperlink which has points to a nonexistent link.
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="errorhandling._Default" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > <head runat="server"> <title> Tracing, debugging and error handling </title> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <div> <asp:Label ID="lblheading" runat="server" Text="Tracing, Debuggin and Error Handling"> </asp:Label> <br /> <br /> <asp:DropDownList ID="ddlquotes" runat="server" AutoPostBack="True" onselectedindexchanged="ddlquotes_SelectedIndexChanged"> </asp:DropDownList> <br /> <br /> <asp:Label ID="lblquotes" runat="server"> </asp:Label> <br /> <br /> <asp:HyperLink ID="HyperLink1" runat="server" NavigateUrl="mylink.htm">Link to:</asp:HyperLink> </div> </form> </body> </html>The code behind file:
public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (!IsPostBack) { string[,] quotes = { {"Imagination is more important than Knowledge.", "Albert Einsten"}, {"Assume a virtue, if you have it not" "Shakespeare"}, {"A man cannot be comfortable without his own approval", "Mark Twain"}, {"Beware the young doctor and the old barber", "Benjamin Franklin"}, {"Whatever begun in anger ends in shame", "Benjamin Franklin"} }; for (int i=0; i<quotes.GetLength(0); i++) ddlquotes.Items.Add(new ListItem(quotes[i,0], quotes[i,1])); } } protected void ddlquotes_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (ddlquotes.SelectedIndex != -1) { lblquotes.Text = String.Format("{0}, Quote: {1}", ddlquotes.SelectedItem.Text, ddlquotes.SelectedValue); } } }
Tracing
To enable page level tracing, you need to modify the Page directive and add a Trace attribute as shown:<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="errorhandling._Default" Trace ="true" %>Now when you execute the file, you get the tracing information:
It provides the following information at the top:- Session ID
- Status Code
- Time of Request
- Type of Request
- Request and Response Encoding
| Number | Description |
|---|---|
| Informational (100 - 199) | |
| 100 | Continue |
| 101 | Switching protocols |
| Successful (200 - 299) | |
| 200 | OK |
| 204 | No content |
| Redirection (300 - 399) | |
| 301 | Moved permanently |
| 305 | Use proxy |
| 307 | Temporary redirect |
| Client Errors (400 - 499) | |
| 400 | Bad request |
| 402 | Payment required |
| 404 | Not found |
| 408 | Request timeout |
| 417 | Expectation failed |
| Server Errors (500 - 599) | |
| 500 | Internal server error |
| 503 | Service unavailable |
| 505 | HTTP version not supported |
The next section is control tree, which lists all controls on the page in a hierarchical manner:
Last in the Session and Application state summaries, cookies, and headers collections followed by list of all server variables.The Trace object allows you to add custom information to the trace output. It has two methods to accomplish this: the Write method and the Warn method.
Change the Page_Load event handler to check the Write method:
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { Trace.Write("Page Load"); if (!IsPostBack) { Trace.Write("Not Post Back, Page Load"); string[,] quotes = ....................... } }Run to observe the effects:
To check the Warn method, let us forcibly enter some erroneous code in the selected index changed event handler:try { int a = 0; int b = 9 / a; }catch (Exception e) { Trace.Warn("UserAction", "processing 9/a", e); }Try-Catch is a C# programming construct. The try block holds any code that may or may not produce error and the catch block catches the error. When the program is run, it sends the warning in the trace log.
Application level tracing applies to all the pages in the web site.
It is implemented by putting the following code lines in the web.config
file:<system.web> <trace enabled="true" /> </system.web>
Error Handling
Although ASP.NET can detect all runtime errors, still some subtle errors may still be there. Observing the errors by tracing is meant for the developers, not for the users.Hence, to intercept such occurrence, you can add error handing settings in the web.config file of the application. It is application-wide error handling. For example, you can add the following lines in the web.config file:
<configuration> <system.web> <customErrors mode="RemoteOnly" defaultRedirect="GenericErrorPage.htm"> <error statusCode="403" redirect="NoAccess.htm" /> <error statusCode="404" redirect="FileNotFound.htm" /> </customErrors> </system.web> <configuration>The <customErrors> section has the possible attributes:
- Mode : It enables or disables custom error pages. It has the three possible values:
- On : displays the custom pages.
- Off : displays ASP.NET error pages (yellow pages)
- remoteOnly : It displays custom errors to client, display ASP.NET errors locally.
- defaultRedirect : It contains the URL of the page to be displayed in case of unhandled errors.
To implement page level error handling, the Page directive could be modified:
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="errorhandling._Default" Trace ="true" ErrorPage="PageError.htm" %>Because ASP.NET Debugging is an important subject in itself, so we would discuss it in the next chapter separately.
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