A tuple is a sequence of immutable Python objects. Tuples are
sequences, just like lists. The main difference between the tuples and
the lists is that the tuples cannot be changed unlike lists. Tuples use
parentheses, whereas lists use square brackets.
Creating a tuple is as simple as putting different comma-separated
values. Optionally, you can put these comma-separated values between
parentheses also. For example −
tup1 = ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000)
tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 )
tup3 = "a", "b", "c", "d"
The empty tuple is written as two parentheses containing nothing −
tup1 = ();
To write a tuple containing a single value you have to include a comma, even though there is only one value −
tup1 = (50,)
Like string indices, tuple indices start at 0, and they can be sliced, concatenated, and so on.
Accessing Values in Tuples
To access values in tuple, use the square brackets for slicing along
with the index or indices to obtain the value available at that index.
For example −
#!/usr/bin/python3
tup1 = ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000)
tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 )
print ("tup1[0]: ", tup1[0])
print ("tup2[1:5]: ", tup2[1:5])
When the above code is executed, it produces the following result −
tup1[0]: physics
tup2[1:5]: (2, 3, 4, 5)
Updating Tuples
Tuples are immutable, which means you cannot update or change the
values of tuple elements. You are able to take portions of the existing
tuples to create new tuples as the following example demonstrates −
#!/usr/bin/python3
tup1 = (12, 34.56)
tup2 = ('abc', 'xyz')
# Following action is not valid for tuples
# tup1[0] = 100;
# So let's create a new tuple as follows
tup3 = tup1 + tup2
print (tup3)
When the above code is executed, it produces the following result −
(12, 34.56, 'abc', 'xyz')
Delete Tuple Elements
Removing individual tuple elements is not possible. There is, of
course, nothing wrong with putting together another tuple with the
undesired elements discarded.
To explicitly remove an entire tuple, just use the
del statement. For example −
#!/usr/bin/python3
tup = ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000);
print (tup)
del tup;
print "After deleting tup : "
print tup
This produces the following result.
Note − An exception is raised. This is because after
del tup, tuple does not exist any more.
('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000)
After deleting tup :
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 9, in <module>
print tup;
NameError: name 'tup' is not defined
Basic Tuples Operations
Tuples respond to the + and * operators much like strings; they mean
concatenation and repetition here too, except that the result is a new
tuple, not a string.
In fact, tuples respond to all of the general sequence operations we used on strings in the previous chapter.
Python Expression |
Results |
Description |
len((1, 2, 3)) |
3 |
Length |
(1, 2, 3) + (4, 5, 6) |
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) |
Concatenation |
('Hi!',) * 4 |
('Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!') |
Repetition |
3 in (1, 2, 3) |
True |
Membership |
for x in (1,2,3) : print (x, end = ' ') |
1 2 3 |
Iteration |
Indexing, Slicing, and Matrixes
Since tuples are sequences, indexing and slicing work the same way
for tuples as they do for strings, assuming the following input −
T=('C++', 'Java', 'Python')
Python Expression |
Results |
Description |
T[2] |
'Python' |
Offsets start at zero |
T[-2] |
'Java' |
Negative: count from the right |
T[1:] |
('Java', 'Python') |
Slicing fetches sections |
No Enclosing Delimiters
No enclosing Delimiters is any set of multiple objects,
comma-separated, written without identifying symbols, i.e., brackets for
lists, parentheses for tuples, etc., default to tuples, as indicated in
these short examples.
Built-in Tuple Functions
Python includes the following tuple functions −
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