Socket.IO - Overview

Socket.IO

Socket.IO is a JavaScript library for realtime web applications. It enables realtime, bi-directional communication between web clients and servers. It has two parts: a client-side library that runs in the browser, and a server-side library for node.js. Both components have a nearly identical API.

Realtime applications

A real-time application (RTA) is an application that functions within a time frame that the user senses as immediate or current. Some examples of real-time applications are:

• Instant messengers: Chat apps like Whatsapp, Facebook messenger, etc. You need not refresh your app/website to receive new messages.
• Push Notifications: When someone tags you in a picture on facebook, you receive an notification instantly.
• Collaboration applications: Apps like google docs, which allow multiple people to update same documents simultaneously and apply changes to all people's instances.
• Online gaming: Games like Counter Strike, Call of Duty, etc are also some examples of real time applications.

Why Socket.IO

Writing a realtime applications with popular web applications stacks like LAMP (PHP) has traditionally been very hard. It involves polling the server for changes, keeping track of timestamps, and it’s a lot slower than it should be.
Sockets have traditionally been the solution around which most realtime systems are architected, providing a bi-directional communication channel between a client and a server. This means that the server can push messages to clients. Whenever an event occurs, the idea is that the server will get it and push it to concerned connected clients.
Socket.IO is quite popular, it is used by Microsoft Office, Yammer, Zendesk, Trello, and numerous other organizations to build robust real time systems. It one of the most powerful JavaScript frameworks on GitHub, and most depended-upon NPM module. Socket.IO also has a huge community, which means finding help is quite easy.

ExpressJS

We'll be using express to build the web server that Socket.IO will work with. Any other node server side framework or even node HTTP server can be used. But express makes it easy to define routes and other things. To read more about express and get a basic idea about it, head to: ExpressJS tutorial.