C++ Library -

Introduction

It is a standard exception class. All objects thrown by components of the standard library are derived from this class. Therefore, all standard exceptions can be caught by catching this type by reference.

Declaration

Following is the declaration for std::exception.

class exception;

Example

In below example for std::exception.

#include <thread>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <atomic>
 
std::atomic_flag lock = ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT;
 
void f(int n) {
   for (int cnt = 0; cnt < 100; ++cnt) {
      while (lock.test_and_set(std::memory_order_acquire))
         ;
      std::cout << "Output from thread " << n << '\n';
      lock.clear(std::memory_order_release);
   }
}
 
int main() {
   std::vector<std::thread> v;
   for (int n = 0; n < 10; ++n) {
      v.emplace_back(f, n);
   }
   for (auto& t : v) {
      t.join();
   }
}

Derived types

S.N.	Derived types	Definition
1	bad_alloc	This exception thrown on failure allocating memory
2	bad_cast	This exception thrown on failure to dynamic cast
3	bad_exception	This an exception thrown by unexpected handler
3	bad_function_call	This exception thrown on bad call
4	bad_typeid	This exception thrown on typeid of null pointer
5	bad_weak_ptr	It is a bad weak pointer
6	ios_base::failure	It is a base class for stream exceptions
7	logic_error	It is a logic error exception
8	runtime_error	It is a runtime error exception

Derived types(through logic_error)

S.N.	Derived types	Definition
1	domain_error	It is a domain error exception
2	future_error	It is a future error exception
3	invalid_argument	It is an invalid argument exception
4	length_error	It is a length error exception
5	out_of_range	It is a out-of-range exception

Derived types(through runtime_error)

S.N.	Derived types	Definition
1	overflow_error	It is an overflow error exception
2	range_error	It is a range error exception
3	system_error	It is a system error exception
4	underflow_error	It is a underflow error exception

Derived types(through bad_alloc)

S.N.	Derived types	Definition
1	bad_array_new_length	It is an exception on bad array length

Derived types(through system_error, since C++11)

S.N.	Derived types	Definition
1	ios_base::failure	It is a base class for stream exceptions

Member functions

S.N.	Derived types	Definition
1	(constructor)	It is constructor exception
2	operator=	It is a copy exception
3	what	It is used to get string identifying exception
4	(destructor)	It is a destroy exception