ES6 - Operators

An expression is a special kind of statement that evaluates to a value. Every expression is composed of −

• Operands − Represents the data.
• Operator − Defines how the operands will be processed to produce a value.
  

Consider the following expression- 2 + 3. Here in the expression, 2 and 3 are operands and the symbol + (plus) is the operator. JavaScript supports the following types of operators −

Arithmetic Operators

Assume the values in variables a and b are 10 and 5 respectively.
Show Examples

Operator	Function	Example
+	Addition Returns the sum of the operands.	a + b is 15
-	Subtraction Returns the difference of the values.	a-b is 5
*	Multiplication Returns the product of the values.	a*b is 50
/	Division Performs a division operation and returns the quotient.	a/b is 2
%	Modulus Performs a division and returns the remainder.	a%b is 2
++	Increment Increments the value of the variable by one.	a++ is 11
--	Decrement Decrements the value of the variable by one.	a-- is 9

Relational Operators

Relational operators test or define the kind of relationship between two entities. Relational operators return a boolean value, i.e. true/false.
Assume the value of A is 10 and B is 20.
Show Examples

Operators	Description	Example
>	Greater than	(A > B) is False
<	Lesser than	(A < B) is True
>=	Greater than or equal to	(A >= B) is False
<=	Lesser than or equal to	(A <= B) is True
==	Equality	(A == B) is True
!=	Not Equal	(A!= B) is True

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine two or more conditions. Logical operators, too, return a Boolean value. Assume the value of variable A is 10 and B is 20.
Show Examples.

Operators	Description	Example
&&	And The operator returns true only if all the expressions specified return true.	(A > 10 && B > 10) is False
||	Or The operator returns true if at least one of the expressions specified return true.	(A > 10 || B > 10) is True
!	Not The operator returns the inverse of the expression’s result. For E.g.: !(7>5) returns false.	!(A > 10) is True

Bitwise Operators

JavaScript supports the following bitwise operators. The following table summarizes JavaScript's bitwise operators.
Show Examples.

Operators	Usage	Description
Bitwise AND	a & b	Returns a one in each bit position for which the corresponding bits of both operands are ones
Bitwise OR	a | b	Returns a one in each bit position for which the corresponding bits of either or both operands are ones
Bitwise XOR	a^b	Returns a one in each bit position for which the corresponding bits of either but not both operands are ones
Bitwise NOT	~ a	Inverts the bits of its operand
Left shift	a << b	Shifts a in binary representation b (< 32) bits to the left, shifting in zeroes from the right
Sign-propagating right shift	a >> b	Shifts a in binary representation b (< 32) bits to the right, discarding bits shifted off
Zero-fill right shift	a >>> b	Shifts a in binary representation b (< 32) bits to the right, discarding bits shifted off, and shifting in zeroes from the left

Assignment Operators

The following table summarizes Assignment operators.
Show Examples.

Sr.No	Operator & Description
1	= (Simple Assignment) Assigns values from the right side operand to the left side operand. Example − C = A + B will assign the value of A + B into C
2	+= (Add and Assignment) It adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. Example − C += A is equivalent to C = C + A
3	-= (Subtract and Assignment) It subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. Example C -= A is equivalent to C = C - A
4	*= (Multiply and Assignment) It multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. Example C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A
5	/= (Divide and Assignment) It divides the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

Note − The same logic applies to Bitwise operators, so they will become <<=, >>=, >>=, &=, |= and ^=.

Miscellaneous Operators

Following are some of the miscellaneous operators.

The negation operator (-)

Changes the sign of a value. The following program is an example of the same.

var x = 4 
var y = -x; 
console.log("value of x: ",x); //outputs 4 
console.log("value of y: ",y); //outputs -4

The following output is displayed on successful execution of the above program.

value of x:  4 
value of y:  -4 

String Operators : Concatenation operator (+)

The + operator when applied to strings appends the second string to the first. The following program helps to understand this concept.

var msg = "hello"+"world" 
console.log(msg) 

The following output is displayed on successful execution of the above program.

helloworld

The concatenation operation doesn’t add a space between the strings. Multiple strings can be concatenated in a single statement.

Conditional Operator (?)

This operator is used to represent a conditional expression. The conditional operator is also sometimes referred to as the ternary operator. Following is the syntax.

Test ? expr1 : expr2

Where,
Test − Refers to the conditional expression
expr1 − Value returned if the condition is true
expr2 − Value returned if the condition is false
Example

var num = -2 
var result = num > 0 ?"positive":"non-positive" 
console.log(result)

Line 2 checks whether the value in the variable num is greater than zero. If num is set to a value greater than zero, it returns the string “positive” else a “non-positive” string is returned.
The following output is displayed on successful execution of the above program.

non-positive 

Type Operators

typeof operator

It is a unary operator. This operator returns the data type of the operand. The following table lists the data types and the values returned by the typeof operator in JavaScript.

Type	String Returned by typeof
Number	"number"
String	"string"
Boolean	"boolean"
Object	"object"

The following example code displays the number as the output.

var num = 12 
console.log(typeof num); //output: number

The following output is displayed on successful execution of the above code.

number