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Wednesday, February 22, 2017

HTML URL Encoding

URL encoding is the practice of translating unprintable characters or characters with special meaning within URLs to a representation that is unambiguous and universally accepted by web browsers and servers. These characters include:

  • ASCII control characters - Unprintable characters typically used for output control. Character ranges 00-1F hex (0-31 decimal) and 7F (127 decimal). A complete encoding table is given below.
  • Non-ASCII control characters - These are characters beyond the ASCII character set of 128 characters. This range is part of the ISO-Latin character set and includes the entire "top half" of the ISO-Latin set 80-FF hex (128-255 decimal). A complete encoding table is given below.
  • Reserved characters - These are special characters such as the dollar sign, ampersand, plus, common, forward slash, colon, semi-colon, equals sign, question mark, and "at" symbol. All of these can have different meanings inside a URL so need to be encoded. A complete encoding table is given below.
  • Unsafe characters - These are space, quotation marks, less than symbol, greater than symbol, pound character, percent character, Left Curly Brace, Right Curly Brace , Pipe, Backslash, Caret, Tilde, Left Square Bracket , Right Square Bracket, Grave Accent. These character present the possibility of being misunderstood within URLs for various reasons. These characters should also always be encoded. A complete encoding table is given below.
The encoding notation replaces the desired character with three characters: a percent sign and two hexadecimal digits that correspond to the position of the character in the ASCII character set.

Example

One of the most common special characters is a white space. You can't type a space in a URL directly. A space position in the character set is 20 hexadecimal. So you can use %20 in place of a space when passing your request to the server.
https://www.example.com/new%20pricing.htm
This URL actually retrieves a document named "new pricing.htm" from the www.example.com

ASCII control characters encoding

This includes the encoding for character ranges 00-1F hex (0-31 decimal) and 7F (127 decimal)
DecimalHex ValueCharacterURL Encode
000 %00
101 %01
202 %02
303 %03
404 %04
505 %05
606 %06
707 %07
808backspace%08
909tab%09
100alinefeed%0a
110b %0b
120c %0c
130dcarriage return%0d
140e %0e
150f %0f
1610 %10
1711 %11
1812 %12
1913 %13
2014 %14
2115 %15
2216 %16
2317 %17
2418 %18
2519 %19
261a %1a
271b %1b
281c %1c
291d %1d
301e %1e
311f %1f
1277f %7f

Non-ASCII control characters encoding

This includes the encoding for the entire "top half" of the ISO-Latin set 80-FF hex (128-255 decimal.)
DecimalHex ValueCharacterURL Encode
12880%80
12981%81
13082%82
13183ƒ%83
13284%84
13385%85
13486%86
13587%87
13688ˆ%88
13789%89
1388aŠ%8a
1398b%8b
1408cŒ%8c
1418d%8d
1428eŽ%8e
1438f%8f
14490%90
14591%91
14692%92
14793%93
14894%94
14995%95
15096%96
15197%97
15298˜%98
15399%99
1549aš%9a
1559b%9b
1569cœ%9c
1579d%9d
1589ež%9e
1599fŸ%9f
160a0 %a0
161a1¡%a1
162a2¢%a2
163a3£%a3
164a4¤%a4
165a5¥%a5
166a6¦%a6
167a7§%a7
168a8¨%a8
169a9©%a9
170aaª%aa
171ab«%ab
172ac¬%ac
173ad­%ad
174ae®%ae
175af¯%af
176b0°%b0
177b1±%b1
178b2²%b2
179b3³%b3
180b4´%b4
181b5µ%b5
182b6%b6
183b7·%b7
184b8¸%b8
185b9¹%b9
186baº%ba
187bb»%bb
188bc¼%bc
189bd½%bd
190be¾%be
191bf¿%bf
192c0À%c0
193c1Á%c1
194c2Â%c2
195c3Ã%c3
196c4Ä%c4
197c5Å%c5
198c6Æ%v6
199c7Ç%c7
200c8È%c8
201c9É%c9
202caÊ%ca
203cbË%cb
204ccÌ%cc
205cdÍ%cd
206ceÎ%ce
207cfÏ%cf
208d0Ð%d0
209d1Ñ%d1
210d2Ò%d2
211d3Ó%d3
212d4Ô%d4
213d5Õ%d5
214d6Ö%d6
215d7×%d7
216d8Ø%d8
217d9Ù%d9
218daÚ%da
219dbÛ%db
220dcÜ%dc
221ddÝ%dd
222deÞ%de
223dfß%df
224e0à%e0
225e1á%e1
226e2â%e2
227e3ã%e3
228e4ä%e4
229e5å%e5
230e6æ%e6
231e7ç%e7
232e8è%e8
233e9é%e9
234eaê%ea
235ebë%eb
236ecì%ec
237edí%ed
238eeî%ee
239efï%ef
240f0ð%f0
241f1ñ%f1
242f2ò%f2
243f3ó%f3
244f4ô%f4
245f5õ%f5
246f6ö%f6
247f7÷%f7
248f8ø%f8
249f9ù%f9
250faú%fa
251fbû%fb
252fcü%fc
253fdý%fd
254feþ%fe
255ffÿ%ff

Reserved characters encoding

Following is the table to be used to encode reserved characters.
DecimalHex ValueCharURL Encode
3624$%24
3826&%26
432b+%2b
442c,%2c
472f/%2f
583a:%3a
593b;%3b
613d=%3d
633f?%3f
6440@%40

Unsafe characters encoding

Following is the table to be used to encode unsafe characters.
DecimalHex ValueCharURL Encode
3220space%20
3422"%22
603c<%3c
623e>%3e
3523#%23
3725%%25
1237b{%7b
1257d}%7d
1247c|%7c
925c\%5c
945e^%5e
1267e~%7e
915b[%5b
935d]%5d
9660`%60

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