jMeter - Overview

Before going into the details of JMeter, let us first understand a few jargons associated with the testing of any application.

jMeter - Environment

JMeter is a framework for Java, so the very first requirement is to have JDK installed in your machine.

System Requirement

jMeter - Build Test Plan

What is a Test Plan?

A Test Plan can be viewed as a container for running tests. It defines what to test and how to go about it. A complete test plan consists of one or more elements such as thread groups, logic controllers, sample-generating controllers, listeners, timers, assertions, and configuration elements. A test plan must have at least one thread group.

jMeter - Test Plan Elements

A JMeter Test Plan comprises of test elements discussed below. A Test Plan comprises of at least one Thread Group. Within each Thread Group, we may place a combination of one or more of other elements − Sampler, Logic Controller, Configuration Element, Listener, and Timer. Each Sampler can be preceded by one or more Pre-processor element, followed by Post-processor element, and/or Assertion element. Let us see each of these elements in detail −

jMeter - Web Test Plan

Let us build a simple test plan which tests a web page. We write a test plan in Apache JMeter so that we can test the performance of the web page shown by the URL − http://www.tutorialspoint.com/.

jMeter - Database Test Plan

In this chapter, we will see how to create a simple test plan to test the database server. For our test purpose we use the MYSQL database server. You can use any other database for testing. For installation and table creation in MYSQL please refer MYSQL Tutorial.

jMeter - FTP Test Plan

In this chapter, we will see how to test a FTP site using JMeter. Let us create a Test Plan to test the FTP site.

Rename Test Plan

jMeter - Webservice Test Plan

In this chapter, we will learn how to create a Test Plan to test a WebService. For our test purpose, we have created a simple webservice project and deployed it on the Tomcat server locally.

jMeter - JMS Test Plan

In this chapter, we will learn how to write a simple test plan to test Java Messaging Service (JMS). JMS supports two types of messaging −

jMeter - Monitor Test Plan

In this chapter, we will discuss how to create a Test Plan using JMeter to monitor webservers. The uses of monitor tests are as follows −

jMeter - Listeners

Listeners provide access to the information JMeter gathers about the test cases while JMeter runs. The results or information gathered by listeners can be shown in the form of −

jMeter - Functions

JMeter Functions and User Variables

JMeter functions are special values that can populate fields of any Sampler or other element in a test tree.

• A function call looks like this −
  

jMeter - Regular Expressions

Regular expressions are used to search and manipulate text, based on patterns. JMeter interprets forms of regular expressions or patterns being used throughout a JMeter test plan, by including the pattern matching software Apache Jakarta ORO.

jMeter - Best Practices

JMeter has some limitations especially when it is run in a distributed environment. Following these guidelines will assist in creating a real and continuous load −

jMeter - Useful Resources

The following resources contain additional information on JMeter. Please use them to get more in-depth knowledge on this topic.

Discuss jMeter

jMeter is an open source testing software. It is 100% pure Java application for load and performance testing. jMeter is designed to cover various categories of tests such as load testing, functional testing, performance testing, regression testing, etc., and it requires JDK 5 or higher. This tutorial provides an in-depth coverage of jMeter framework including its test plans, listeners, functions, and regular expressions.

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JFreeChart - Overview

A chart is a graphical representation of information. There are various tools available, which can be used to create different types of charts.
This tutorial helps you to understand what exactly the JfreeChart is, why is it required and the various ways to create different types of charts within a Java based application or independently.

JFreeChart Installation

This chapter takes you through the process of setting up JFreeChart on Windows and Linux. User administration is needed while installing the JFreeChart. The JFreeChart is famous for its efficient chart creation, and user-friendly installation setup.

JFreeChart Architecture

This chapter explains basic class level and application level architectures of JFreeChart to give you an idea about how JFreeChart interacts with different classes and how it fits in your Java based application.

JFreeChart Referenced APIs

In this chapter, we will discuss about some important packages, classes and methods from JFreeChart library. These packages, classes and methods are the most frequently used while creating a variety of charts using JFreeChart library.

JFreeChart - Pie Chart

In a pie chart, the arc length of each sector is proportional to the quantity it represents. This chapter demonstrates how we can use JFreeChart to create Pie Chart from a given set of business data.

JFreeChart - Bar Chart

This chapter demonstrates how we can use JFreeChart to create Bar Chart from a given set of business data.
A bar chart uses different orientation (horizontal or vertical) bars to show comparisons in various categories. One axis (domain axis) of the chart shows the specific domain being compared, and the other axis (range axis) represents discrete values.

JFreeChart - Line Chart

A line chart or line graph displays information as a series of data points (markers) connected by straight line segments. Line Chart shows how the data changes at equal time frequency. This chapter demonstrates how we can use JFreeChart to create Line Chart from a given set of business data.

JFreeChart - XY Chart

The xy chart (scatter) is based on one data series consisting of a list of x and y values. Each value pair (x,y) is a point in a coordinate system. Here, one value determines the horizontal (X) position, and the other determines the vertical (Y) position. This chapter demonstrates how we can use JFreeChart to create XY Chart from a given set of business data.

JFreeChart - 3D Pie/Bar Chart

The 3D charts are the ones, which appear in a three-dimensional format. You can use these charts to provide better display and clear information. A 3D Pie chart is same as the pie chart additionally with a nice 3D effect. A 3D effect can achieved by adding a little extra code which will take care of creating 3D effect in a pie chart.

JFreeChart - Bubble Chart

This chapter demonstrates how you can use JFreeChart to create Bubble Chart from a given set of business data. A bubble chart displays information in three-dimensional way. A bubble is plotted at the place where (x, y) coordinate intersect. The size of the bubble is considered as range or quantity of X and Y axis.

JFreeChart - TimeSeries Chart

A time series chart displays sequence of data points, which varies at equal intervals of time. This chapter demonstrates how we can use JFreeChart to create Time Series Chart from a given set of business data.

JFreeChart - File Interface

So far we studied how to create various types of charts using JFreeChart APIs using static data. But in production environment, data is provided in the form of text file with a predefined format, or it comes directly from the database.

JFreeChart - Database Interface

This chapter explains how you can read simple data from a database table and then use JFreeChart to create a chart of your choice.

JFreeChart - Useful Resources

The following resources contain additional information on JFreeChart. Please use them to get more in-depth knowledge on this topic.

Useful Links on JFreeChart

• JFreeChart − Official website on JFreeChart.
• JFreeChart Documentation − JFreeChart (JFreeChart Class Library (version x.x.x))
• JFreeChart @ Wikipedia − Brief description of JFreeChart on wikipedia.
• JFreeChart (FSE) − This is a development version of JFreeChart that has been branched from the JFreeChart 1.0.x series

Useful Books on Java

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Discuss JFreeChart

This tutorial describes various ways to incorporate JFreeChart in Java based standalone and web based applications. It will give you a quick start with JFreeChart and make you comfortable with JFreeChart programming with Java applications.

JDBC - Introduction

What is JDBC?

JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity, which is a standard Java API for database-independent connectivity between the Java programming language and a wide range of databases.
The JDBC library includes APIs for each of the tasks mentioned below that are commonly associated with database usage.

JDBC - SQL Syntax

Structured Query Language (SQL) is a standardized language that allows you to perform operations on a database, such as creating entries, reading content, updating content, and deleting entries.
SQL is supported by almost any database you will likely use, and it allows you to write database code independently of the underlying database.

JDBC - Environment Setup

To start developing with JDBC, you should setup your JDBC environment by following the steps shown below. We assume that you are working on a Windows platform.

JDBC - Sample, Example Code

This chapter provides an example of how to create a simple JDBC application. This will show you how to open a database connection, execute a SQL query, and display the results.
All the steps mentioned in this template example, would be explained in subsequent chapters of this tutorial.

JDBC - Driver Types

What is JDBC Driver?

JDBC drivers implement the defined interfaces in the JDBC API, for interacting with your database server.
For example, using JDBC drivers enable you to open database connections and to interact with it by sending SQL or database commands then receiving results with Java.

JDBC - Database Connections

After you've installed the appropriate driver, it is time to establish a database connection using JDBC.
The programming involved to establish a JDBC connection is fairly simple. Here are these simple four steps

JDBC - Statements, PreparedStatement and CallableStatement

Once a connection is obtained we can interact with the database. The JDBC Statement, CallableStatement, and PreparedStatement interfaces define the methods and properties that enable you to send SQL or PL/SQL commands and receive data from your database.

JDBC - Result Sets

The SQL statements that read data from a database query, return the data in a result set. The SELECT statement is the standard way to select rows from a database and view them in a result set. The java.sql.ResultSet interface represents the result set of a database query.

JDBC - Data Types

The JDBC driver converts the Java data type to the appropriate JDBC type, before sending it to the database. It uses a default mapping for most data types. For example, a Java int is converted to an SQL INTEGER. Default mappings were created to provide consistency between drivers.

JDBC - Transactions

If your JDBC Connection is in auto-commit mode, which it is by default, then every SQL statement is committed to the database upon its completion.
That may be fine for simple applications, but there are three reasons why you may want to turn off the auto-commit and manage your own transactions −

JDBC - Exceptions Handling

Exception handling allows you to handle exceptional conditions such as program-defined errors in a controlled fashion.

JDBC - Batch Processing

Batch Processing allows you to group related SQL statements into a batch and submit them with one call to the database.
When you send several SQL statements to the database at once, you reduce the amount of communication overhead, thereby improving performance.

JDBC - Stored Procedure

We have learnt how to use Stored Procedures in JDBC while discussing the JDBC - Statements chapter. This chapter is similar to that section, but it would give you additional information about JDBC SQL escape syntax.

JDBC - Streaming ASCII and Binary Data

A PreparedStatement object has the ability to use input and output streams to supply parameter data. This enables you to place entire files into database columns that can hold large values, such as CLOB and BLOB data types.

JDBC - Create Database Example

This tutorial provides an example on how to create a Database using JDBC application. Before executing the following example, make sure you have the following in place −

JDBC - Select Database Example

This chapter provides an example on how to select a Database using JDBC application. Before executing the following example, make sure you have the following in place −

JDBC - Drop Database Example

This chapter provides an example on how to drop an existing Database using JDBC application. Before executing the following example, make sure you have the following in place −

JDBC - Create Tables Example

This chapter provides an example on how to create a table using JDBC application. Before executing the following example, make sure you have the following in place −

JDBC - Drop Tables Example

This chapter provides an example on how to delete a table using JDBC application. Before executing the following example, make sure you have the following in place −

JDBC - Insert Records Example

This chapter provides an example on how to insert records in a table using JDBC application. Before executing following example, make sure you have the following in place −

JDBC - Select Records Example

This chapter provides an example on how to select/ fetch records from a table using JDBC application. Before executing the following example, make sure you have the following in place −

JDBC - Update Records Example

This chapter provides an example on how to update records in a table using JDBC application. Before executing the following example, make sure you have the following in place −

JDBC - Delete Records Example

This chapter provides an example on how to delete records from a table using JDBC application. Before executing following example, make sure you have the following in place −

JDBC - WHERE Clause Example

This chapter provides an example on how to select records from a table using JDBC application. This would add additional conditions using WHERE clause while selecting records from the table. Before executing the following example, make sure you have the following in place −

JDBC - Like Clause Example

This chapter provides an example on how to select records from a table using JDBC application. This would add additional conditions using LIKE clause while selecting records from the table. Before executing the following example, make sure you have the following in place −

JDBC - Sorting Data Example

This chapter provides an example on how to sort records from a table using JDBC application. This would use asc and desc keywords to sort records in ascending or descending order. Before executing the following example, make sure you have the following in place −

JDBC Questions and Answers

JDBC Questions and Answers has been designed with a special intention of helping students and professionals preparing for various Certification Exams and Job Interviews. This section provides a useful collection of sample Interview Questions and Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) and their answers with appropriate explanations.

JDBC - Useful Resources

The following resources contain additional information on JDBC Please use them to get more in-depth knowledge on this topic.

Discuss JDBC

JDBC API is a Java API that can access any kind of tabular data, especially data stored in a Relational Database. JDBC works with Java on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX.

JDB - Introduction

Debugging is a technical procedure to find and remove bugs or defects in a program and get expected results. Debugging includes testing and monitoring. It is very complex when the subunits of a program are tightly coupled.

JDB - Installation

This chapter explains how to install JDB on Windows and Linux based systems. JDB is a part of JDK. Therefore, JDK installation is enough for using JDB in command prompt.

JDB - Syntax

This chapter explains the syntax of JDB command. The syntax contains four sections listed as follows:

• JDB
• option
• class
• arguments

JDB - Options

This chapter describes the important options available in JDB that are submitted as arguments with the jdb command.

JDB - Session

This chapter describes how to start a JDB session in different ways. JDB launch is the frequently used technique to start a JDB session.
There are two different ways to start a JDB session:

JDB - Basic Commands

This chapter takes you through the basic commands of JDB. After launching a session, these commands are used for debugging a program.
The following is the list of commands used for debugging.

JDB - Breakpoints

This chapter explains the concept of breakpoints and how to set breakpoints in a program. A breakpoint introduces an explicit stop or pause in the execution of a program at a particular line of code while debugging. It is useful to acquire knowledge about variables in the program in its execution.

JDB - Stepping

This chapter explains how to use the concept of Stepping in debugging a program. Stepping is the debugger feature that lets you execute the code by stepping through line by line. Using this, you can examine each line of the code to ensure they are behaving as intended.

JDB - Exception

This chapter explains how to handle the exception class using JDB. Generally, whenever a program raises an exception without a catch statement, then the VM prints the exception line, the cause of the exception, and exits.

JDB - In Eclipse

This chapter explains how to use JDB in Eclipse. Before proceeding further, you need to install Eclipse Indigo. Follow the steps given below to install Eclipse Indigo on your system.

Step 1: Download and Install Eclipse

You can download Eclipse from the following link: http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/packages/eclipse-ide-java-ee-developers/indigosr2

Step 2: Create a New Project and a New Class

• Create a new Java project by following the options File-> New -> Java project.
• Name it as “sampledebug”.
• Create a new class by right clicking on the samplebebug project.
• Select options ->new -> class
• Name it as “Add.java”

Add.java

public class Add
{
   public int addition( int x, int y)
   {
      int z = x + y;
      return z;
   }
   public static void main( String ar[ ] )
   {
      int a = 5, b = 6;
      Add ob = new Add();
      
      int c = ob.addition(a,b);
      System.out.println("Add: " + c);
   }
}

Step 3: Open the Debug Perspective

Follow the instructions given below to open the debug perspective.
On the Eclipse IDE, go to Window -> Open perspective -> Debug. Now you get the debug perspective for the program Add.java. You get to see the following window.

Sections in Debug Perspective

The sections in the Debug perspective are as follows:

Coding Section

Java code is displayed in this section. It is the code you want to debug, that is, Add.java. Here we can add a breakpoint on a line by double clicking in front of the line. You find the blue bubble with an arrow symbol to point out the breakpoint of that line. See the following screenshot; you can find the selected area with a red circle pointed as “1”.

1. Double click here. You can set the breakpoint for this line.

Breakpoint Section

This section defines the list of breakpoints that are set to the program code. Here we can add, delete, find, and manage the breakpoints. The following screenshot shows the breakpoint section.
Observe the following options in the given screenshot:

1. Using the check box in the left, we can select or deselect a breakpoint. Here, we use one breakpoint, i.e., Add class-main() method.
2. The single cross icon “X” is used to delete the selected breakpoint.
3. The double cross icon “XX” is used to delete all the breakpoints in your code.
4. The arrow pointer is used to point to the code where the selected breakpoint is applied.

The remaining functionalities in the breakpoint section are as follows:

• Hitcount : It shows how many times the control hits this breakpoint. It is used for recursive logic.
• Suspend thread : We can suspend the current thread by selecting it.
• Suspend VM : We can suspend the VM by selecting it.

Debug Section

This section is used for the process of debugging. It contains options that are used in debugging.
Start debugging : Follow the instructions given below to start debugging.
Right click on the code -> click Debug as -> click 1 Java application.
The process of debugging starts as shown in the following screenshot. It contains some selected options, highlighted using numeric digits.

1. We apply a breakpoint on the Add class main() method. When we start debugging, the controller gets stuck at the first line of the main() method.
2. It is used to Resume the debugging process and skip the current breakpoint. It works similar to the cont command in the JDB command line.
3. It is used to stop the debugging process.
4. It works similar to the step in process in the JDB command line. It is used for moving the control to the next line, i.e., point “1” moves to the next line.
5. It works similar to the step over process in the JDB command line.
6. It is used to see on which line the breakpoint is applied.

Follow the given steps and sections to debug your code in eclipse IDE. By default, every IDE contains this debugging process.

JDB - Useful Resources

The following resources contain additional information on JDB. Please use them to get more in-depth knowledge on this topic.

Discuss JDB

The Java Debugger, commonly known as jdb, is a useful tool to detect bugs in Java programs. This is a brief tutorial that provides a basic overview of how to use this tool in practice. In addition, the tutorial also covers how to debug a program through stepping, breakpoints, and managing exceptions.

jBPM5 - Overview

JBPM stands for "Java Business Process Management". It is a JBoss product which is an open source framework. Before moving further, let us first define a business process.

jBPM5 - Eclipse Plugin

The following are the Prerequisites to install jBPM Plugin −

• Java 1.5 (or higher) SE JDK
• Eclipse 4.2 or any version and the jBPM plugin

jBPM5 - Hello World!

Here in this chapter, we will write our first program "Hello World" using jBPM. Follow the steps given below −
Go to File → New → Drools Project −

jBPM5 - Components

BPMS core is the heart of the BPM. The following illustration depicts the BPMS core and its components.

jBPM5 - Workflow Components

The following screenshot show the various workflow components available in jBPM 5. Using these components, you can create a workflow to orchestrate your process.

jBPM5 - Draw & Validate a Workflow

To draw a workflow, you can use any of the components available in the palette as described in above article. All the workflow will have one start but it can have multiple end.
With the help of screenshots, I will depict you how to create a workflow.

jBPM5 - Example

We will take an example in this chapter to explain how to put jBPM into practice. The task at hand is to use jBPM to decide whether a passenger will board a flight or a train, depending upon his income.

jBPM5 - Useful Resources

The following resources contain additional information on jBPM5. Please use them to get more in-depth knowledge on this.

Discuss jBPM5

Organizations throughout the world have been searching for a structured approach of designing their actions or transactions which can be transformed by implementing them using automated solutions. jBPM is one such tool that helps business automation needs of an organization. This tutorial provides an overview of how to use jBPM 5 in practice.

JavaMail API - Overview

The JavaMail API provides a platform-independent and protocol-independent framework to build mail and messaging applications. The JavaMail API provides a set of abstract classes defining objects that comprise a mail system. It is an optional package (standard extension) for reading, composing, and sending electronic messages.

JavaMail API - Environment Setup

To send an e-mail using your Java Application is simple enough but to start with you should have JavaMail API and Java Activation Framework (JAF) installed on your machine.

JavaMail API - Core Classes

The JavaMail API consists of some interfaces and classes used to send, read, and delete e-mail messages. Though there are many packages in the JavaMail API, will cover the main two packages that are used in Java Mail API frequently: javax.mail and javax.mail.internet package. These packages contain all the JavaMail core classes. They are:

JavaMail API - Sending Emails

Now that we have a fair idea about JavaMail API and its core classes, let us now write a simple programs which will send simple email, email with attachments, email with HTML content and email with inline images.
Basic steps followed in all the above scenarios are as below:

JavaMail API - Checking Emails

There are two aspects to which needs to understood before proceeding with this chapter. They are Check and Fetch.

• Checking an email in JavaMail is a process where we open the respective folder in the mailbox and get each message. Here we only check the header of each message i.e the From, To, subject. Content is not read.
  

JavaMail API - Fetching Emails

In the previous chapter we learnt how to check emails. Now let us see how to fetch each email and read its content. Let us write a Java class FetchingEmail which will read following types of emails:

JavaMail API - Authentication

In the previous chapters Checking Emails and Fetching Emails, we passed authorization credentials (user ad password) along with host, when connecting to store of your mailbox. Instead we can configure the Properties to have the host, and tell the Session about your custom Authenticator instance. This is shown in the example below:

JavaMail API - Replying Emails

In this chapter we will see how to reply to an email using JavaMail API. Basic steps followed in the program below are:

• Get the Session object with POP and SMPT server details in the properties. We would need POP details to retrieve messages and SMPT details to send messages.
  

JavaMail API - Forwarding Emails

In this chapter we will see how to forward an email using JavaMail API. Basic steps followed in the program below are:

• Get the Session object with POP and SMPT server details in the properties. We would need POP details to retrieve messages and SMPT details to send messages.
  

JavaMail API - Deleting Emails

In this chapter we will see how to delete an email using JavaMail API. Deleting messages involves working with the Flags associated with the messages. There are different flags for different states, some system-defined and some user-defined. The predefined flags are defined in the inner class Flags.Flag and are listed below:

JavaMail API - Gmail SMPT Server

In all previous chapters we used JangoSMPT server to send emails. In this chapter we will learn about SMPT server provided by Gmail. Gmail (among others) offers use of their public SMTP server free of charge.

JavaMail API - Folder Management

So far, we’ve worked in our previous chapters mostly with the INBOX folder. This is the default folder in which most mail resides. Some systems might call it as INBOX and some other might call it by some other name. But,you can always access it from the JavaMail API using the name INBOX.

JavaMail API - Quota Management

A quota in JavaMail is a limited or fixed number or amount of messages in a email store. Each Mail service request counts toward the JavaMail API Calls quota. An email service can apply following quota criterion:

JavaMail API - Bounced Messages

A message can be bounced for several reasons. This problem is discussed in depth at rfc1211. Only a server can determine the existence of a particular mailbox or user name. When the server detects an error, it will return a message indicating the reason for the failure to the sender of the original message.

JavaMail API - SMTP Servers

SMTP is an acronym for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. It is an Internet standard for electronic mail (e-mail) transmission across Internet Protocol (IP) networks. SMTP uses TCP port 25. SMTP connections secured by SSL are known by the shorthand SMTPS, though SMTPS is not a protocol in its own right.

JavaMail API - IMAP Servers

IMAP is Acronym for Internet Message Access Protocol. It is an Application Layer Internet protocol that allows an e-mail client to access e-mail on a remote mail server. An IMAP server typically listens on well-known port 143. IMAP over SSL (IMAPS) is assigned to port number 993.

JavaMail API - POP3 Servers

Post Office Protocol (POP) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by local e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection. POP supports simple download-and-delete requirements for access to remote mailboxes. A POP3 server listens on well-known port 110.

JavaMail API - Useful Resources

If you want to list down your website, book or any other resource on this page, then please contact at webmaster@tutorialspoint.com

Useful Websites on JavaMail API

• Download JavaMail - Download JavaMail API and associated documentation.
• Download JavaBeans Activation Framework (JAF) - Download JavaMail API and associated documentation
• Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition - Official site for Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition.
• Free Java Download - Download Java for your desktop computer now!

Discuss JavaMail API

The JavaMail API provides a platform-independent and protocol-independent framework to build mail and messaging applications. The JavaMail API provides a set of abstract classes defining objects that comprise a mail system. It is an optional package (standard extension) for reading, composing, and sending electronic messages.