Monday, March 20, 2017

XHTML - Introduction

XHTML stands for EXtensible HyperText Markup Language. It is the next step in the evolution of the internet. The XHTML 1.0 is the first document type in the XHTML family.
XHTML is almost identical to HTML 4.01 with only few differences. This is a cleaner and stricter version of HTML 4.01. If you already know HTML, then you need to give little attention to learn this latest version of HTML.

XHTML - Syntax

XHTML syntax is very similar to HTML syntax and almost all the valid HTML elements are valid in XHTML as well. But when you write an XHTML document, you need to pay a bit extra attention to make your HTML document compliant to XHTML.
Here are the important points to remember while writing a new XHTML document or converting existing HTML document into XHTML document −

XHTML vs HTML

Due to the fact that XHTML is an XML application, certain practices that were perfectly legal in SGML-based HTML 4 must be changed. You already have seen XHTML syntax in previous chapter, so differences between XHTML and HTML are very obvious. Following is the comparison between XHTML and HTML.

XHTML - Doctypes

The XHTML standard defines three Document Type Definitions (DTDs). The most commonly used and easy one is the XHTML Transitional document.
XHTML 1.0 document type definitions correspond to three DTDs −

XHTML - Attributes

There are a few XHTML/HTML attributes which are standard and associated to all the XHTML/HTML tags. These attributes are listed here with brief description −

Core Attributes

Not valid in base, head, html, meta, param, script, style, and title elements.
Attribute Value Description
class class_rule or style_rule The class of the element.
Id id_name A unique id for the element.

XHTML - Events

When users visit a website, they do things such as click on text, images and hyperlinks, hover-over things, etc. These are examples of what JavaScript calls events.
We can write our event handlers in JavaScript or VBScript and can specify these event handlers as a value of event tag attribute. The XHTML 1.0 has a similar set of events which is available in HTML 4.01 specification.

XHTML - Version 1.1

The W3C has helped move the internet content-development community from the days of malformed, non-standard mark-up into the well-formed, valid world of XML. In XHTML 1.0, this move was moderated by the goal of providing easy migration of existing HTML 4 (or earlier) based content to XHTML and XML.

XHTML - Tips & Tricks

This chapter lists out various tips and tricks which you should be aware of while writing an XHTML document. These tips and tricks can help you create effective documents.

Tips for Designing XHTML Document

Here are some basic guidelines for designing XHTML documents −

XHTML - Validations

Every XHTML document is validated against a Document Type Definition. Before validating an XHTML file properly, a correct DTD must be added as the first or second line of the file.
Once you are ready to validate your XHTML document, you can use W3C Validator to validate your document. This tool is very handy and helps you to fix the problems with your document. This tool does not require any expertise to perform validation.

XHTML - Summary

We assume you have understood all the concepts related to XHTML. Therefore, you should be able to write your HTML document into a well-formed XHTML document and get a cleaner version of your website.

XHTML - Quick Guide

XHTML - Introduction

XHTML stands for EXtensible HyperText Markup Language. It is the next step in the evolution of the internet. The XHTML 1.0 is the first document type in the XHTML family.
XHTML is almost identical to HTML 4.01 with only few differences. This is a cleaner and stricter version of HTML 4.01. If you already know HTML, then you need to give little attention to learn this latest version of HTML.

XHTML - Useful Resources

The following resources contain additional information on XHTML. Please use them to get more in-depth knowledge on this.

Useful Links on XHTML

  • XHTML Specification - Official website of HTML 4.01 Specification.
  • XHTML - A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML
  • Domain Names - Details of the domain system and protocol.

Discuss XHTML

This tutorial provides a basic understanding of XHTML, its syntax and attributes with rules for using the same along with their practical examples. It also describes Doctypes, attributes and events of XHTML. In addition, it provides a few handy tips and tricks of using XTHML.


WordPress - Overview

WordPress is an open source Content Management System (CMS), which allows the users to build dynamic websites and blogs. WordPress is the most popular blogging system on the web and allows updating, customizing and managing the website from its back-end CMS and components.

WordPress - Installation

System Requirements for WordPress

  • Database − MySQL 5.0 +
  • Web Server
    • WAMP (Windows)
    • LAMP (Linux)
    • XAMP (Multi-platform)
    • MAMP (Macintosh)

WordPress - Dashboard

The WordPress Dashboard is a first screen which will be seen when you log into the administration area of your blog which will display the overview of the website. It is a collection of gadgets that provide information and provide an overview of what's happening with your blog. You can customize your needs by using some quick links such as writing quick draft, replying to latest comment, etc.
In this chapter, we will study about General Settings in WordPress. WordPress general setting is used to set the basic configuration settings for your site. In the setting administration screen, it is a default setting screen.
Following are the steps to access the general settings −
Step 1 − Click on Settings → General option in WordPress.

WordPress - Writing Setting

The writing settings controls the writing experience and provides options for customizing WordPress site. These settings control the features in the adding and editing posts, Pages, and Post Types, as well as the optional functions like Remote Publishing, Post via e-mail, and Update Services.
Following are the steps to access the writing settings −
Step (1) − To change writing settings, go to Settings → Writing option.

WordPress - Reading Setting

In this chapter, we will study about Reading Settings in WordPress. Reading Setting is used to set the content related to the front page. You can set the number of post to be displayed on the main page.
Following are the steps to access the reading settings −
Step (1) − Click on Settings → Reading option in WordPress.

WordPress - Discussion Setting

In this chapter, we will study about Discussion settings in WordPress. WordPress discussion setting can be defined as the interaction between the blogger and the visitors. These settings are done by the admin to have a control over the posts/pages that come in through users.
Following are the steps to access the Discussion setting −

WordPress - Media Setting

In this chapter, we will study about Media Settings in WordPress. It is used to set the height and width of the images which you're going to use on your website.
Step (1) − Click on Settings → Media option in WordPress.

WordPress - Permalink Setting

In this chapter, we will learn about Permalink settings in WordPress. Permalink is a permanent link to a particular blog post or category. It allows setting the default permalink structure. These settings are used to add permalinks to your posts in WordPress. Following are the steps to access permalink settings.
Step (1) − Click on Settings → Permalinks option from the left navigation menu.

WordPress - Plugin Setting

In this chapter, we will study how to use plugins in your WordPress site. Plugin allows to easily modify, customize or enhance WordPress blog or post. The WordPress Plugin is a software that can be uploaded to expand the functionality of the site. They add services or features to WordPress blog. Plugins are used to make your work easier. Following are the simple steps to add plugins.

WordPress - Add Category

In this chapter, we will study about how to Add Categories in WordPress. Category is used to indicate sections of your site and group related posts. It sorts the group content into different sections. It is a very convenient way to organize the posts.
To access the Category section, follows the mentioned steps −
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Categories option in WordPress.

WordPress - Edit Category

In this chapter, we will study the simple steps to Edit Categories in WordPress.
Following are the simple steps to edit categories in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Categories in WordPress.

WordPress - Delete Category

In this chapter, we will study about how to Delete Categories in WordPress.
Following are the simple steps to delete categories in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Categories in WordPress.

WordPress - Arrange Categories

In this chapter, we will study about how to Arrange Categories in WordPress. You can't arrange categories directly in WordPress. Hence, you will need to install Category Order plugin to arrange the created categories in a particular way.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Category Order in WordPress. The Category Order menu displays after adding the Category Order plugin. You can study how to install plugins in the chapter Install Plugins.

WordPress - Add Posts

In this chapter, we will study how to Add Posts in WordPress. Posts are also known as articles and sometimes referred as blogs or blog posts. These are used to popularize your blogs.
Following are the simple steps to Add Posts in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Add New in WordPress.

WordPress - Edit Posts

In this chapter, we will study how to Edit Posts on WordPress.
Following are the simple steps to Edit Posts in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → All Posts in WordPress.

WordPress - Delete Posts

In this chapter, we will study how to Delete Posts in WordPress.
Following are the steps to Delete Posts in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → All Post in WordPress.

WordPress - Preview Posts

In this chapter, we will study how to Preview Posts in WordPress. Preview Post is to view the post before it is published to the user. It is safer to preview your post and verify how your post looks on the website. You can edit or change the post as per your need after previewing.
Following are the simple steps to Preview Posts in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → All Posts in wordPress.

WordPress - Publish Posts

In this chapter, we will study how to Publish Posts in WordPress. Publish is used to make the post available to all the users wherein every user can view that particular post. Publishing a new post in WordPress is an easy process.
Following are the steps to Publish Posts in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Add New in WordPress.

WordPress - Media Library

In this chapter, we will learn about Media Library in WordPress. Media Library consists of the images, audios, videos and files that you can upload and add to the content when writing a Post or Page. Here you can view, add, edit or delete any media related objects if not needed.
Following are the steps to understand about Media Library.

WordPress - Add Media

In this chapter, we will study how to Add Media files in WordPress. WordPress allows you to add, all kind of media files like videos, audios and images.
Following are the steps to Add Media.
Step (1) − Click on Media → Add New in WordPress.

WordPress - Insert Media

In this chapter, we will study how to Insert Media in WordPress. Media files can be inserted to your Pages or Posts from libraries, from local storage or from URLs.
Following are the steps to Insert Media in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Add New in WordPress.

WordPress - Edit Media

In this chapter, we will study how to Edit Media in wordPress. You can manage all the information about your media that is saved in the Media Library.
Following are the steps to Edit Media in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Media → Library and click on the name of the media item or the edit link.

WordPress - Add Pages

In this chapter, we will study how to Add Pages into the WordPress. Adding pages is similar to adding posts in WordPress. Pages are static content and often do not change its displayed information.
Following are the simple steps to add pages in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Pages → Add New as shown in the following screenshot.

WordPress - Publish Pages

In this chapter, we will study how to Publish Pages in WordPress. The command, “Publish” is used to make the pages available to all users wherein each user can view that particular page. Publishing a new page in WordPress is an easy process.
Following are the steps to Publish Pages in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Pages → Add New in WordPress.

WordPress - Edit Pages

In this chapter, we will study how to Edit pages in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Pages → All Pages in WordPress as shown in the following screen.

WordPress - Delete Pages

In this chapter, we will learn to Delete Pages in WordPress.
Following are the steps to Delete pages in wordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Pages → All Pages in WordPress.

WordPress - Add Tags

Tag is a small information attached to the main content or post for the purpose of identification. It tells the visitors what actually the post is about. If the tag is mentioned properly then it helps to find the content very easily.
Following are the steps to Add Tags in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Tags in WordPress.

WordPress - Edit Tags

In this chapter, we will study to Edit Tags in WordPress. You can learn how to add tags in the chapter WordPress - Add Tags.
Following are the simple steps to Edit Tags in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Tags in WordPress.

WordPress - Delete Tags

In this chapter, we will learn to Delete tags in WordPress.
Following are the steps to delete tags in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Posts → Tags in WordPress.

WordPress - Add Links

In this chapter, we will learn to Add Links in WordPress pages. Link is a connection from one resource to another. Adding links to your pages or blog posts help you to connect to other pages.
Following are the simple steps to Add links in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Pages → All Pages in WordPress.

WordPress - Edit Links

In this chapter, we will study how to edit link in WordPress.
Following are the simple steps to Edit Links in WordPress
Step (1) − Click on Pages → All Pages as shown in the following screen.

WordPress - Delete Links

In this chapter, we will learn to Delete links from WordPress. You can remove the unwanted links which you don’t need for your website or article.
Following are the steps to Delete Links in WordPress
Step (1) − Click on Pages → All Pages in WordPress.

WordPress - Add Comments

In this chapter, we will learn to Add Comments in WordPress. Adding comments allows your visitors to have a discussion with you. Comments are approved by the admin and then posted to be discussed further.
Following are the steps to add comments to your blog posts.
Step (1) − Click on Pages → All Pages in WordPress.

WordPress - Edit Comments

In this chapter, we will learn about how to Edit comments in WordPress. Editing comments can be done only by the admin.
Following are the steps to Edit Comments in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Comments in WordPress.

WordPress - Moderate Comments

In this chapter, we will learn to Moderate Comments in WordPress. Comment moderation is a process where, when visitors comment on posts, the comment is not published directly until and unless it is approved by the admin to be posted. It manages your comments so that there is no comment spamming.
Step (1) − Click on Settings → Discussion in WordPress.

WordPress - View Plugins

In this chapter, we will study how to View Plugins in WordPress. It helps you to enable and disable WordPress Plugins. This adds the unique features to an existing web site. Plugins extend and enlarge the functionality of WordPress.
Following are the simple steps to View Plugins in WordPress.

WordPress - Install Plugins

In this chapter, we will study how to install plugins in WordPress. It is really easy to install plugins. All the plugins are free to download; the only condition is that a plugin must be in the WordPress directory.
Following are the simple steps to Install Plugins in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Plugins → Add New in WordPress.

WordPress - Customize Plugins

In this chapter, we will study how to Customize Plugins in WordPress without writing any HTML or CSS. It's usually a large addition for multi-user sites. This new method allows you to customize your login page by using the WordPress theme customizer (no coding skills required).