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Friday, March 17, 2017
Discuss Website Development
A website can be defined as a collection of several webpages that are
all related to each other and can be accessed by visiting a homepage,
using a browser like Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Google Chrome or Opera.
In this tutorial,
What are Web Services?
Different books and different organizations provide different definitions to Web Services. Some of them are listed here.
- A web service is any piece of software that makes itself
available over the internet and uses a standardized XML messaging
system. XML is used to encode all communications to a web service. For
example, a client invokes a web service by sending an XML message, then
waits for a corresponding XML response.
Why Web Services?
Here are the benefits of using Web Services:
Exposing the Existing Function on the network
A web service is a unit of managed code that can be remotely invoked using HTTP, that is, it can be activated using HTTP requests. Web services allows you to expose the functionality of your existing code over the network. Once it is exposed on the network, other application can use the functionality of your program.Web Services - Characteristics
Web services have the following special behavioral characteristics:
XML-Based
Web Services uses XML at data representation and data transportation layers. Using XML eliminates any networking, operating system, or platform binding. Web Services based applications are highly interoperable application at their core level.Web Services - Architecture
There are two ways to view the web service architecture:
- The first is to examine the individual roles of each web service actor.
- The second is to examine the emerging web service protocol stack.
Web Services - Components
Over the past few years, three primary technologies have emerged as
worldwide standards that make up the core of today's web services
technology. These technologies are discussed below.
Web Services - Examples
Based on the web service architecture, we create the following two components as a part of web services implementation:
We will write and publish a simple web service using .NET SDK.
Service Provider or Publisher
This is the provider of the web service. The service provider implements the service and makes it available on the Internet or intranet.We will write and publish a simple web service using .NET SDK.
Web Services - Security
Security is critical to web services. However, neither XML-RPC nor
SOAP specifications make any explicit security or authentication
requirements.
There are three specific security issues with web services:
There are three specific security issues with web services:
Web Services - Standards
This chapter gives you an idea of all the latest standards related to web services.
Transports
BEEP, the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (formerly referred to as BXXP), is a framework for building application protocols. It has been standardized by IETF and it does for Internet protocols what XML has done for data.Web Services - Summary
In this tutorial, you have learnt how to use web services. However, a
web service also include components such as WSDL, UDDI, and SOAP that
contribute to make it active. The next step is to learn WSDL, UDDI, and
SOAP.
Web Services Questions and Answers
Web Services Questions and Answers has been designed with a special intention of helping students and professionals preparing for various Certification Exams and Job Interviews.
This section provides a useful collection of sample Interview Questions
and Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) and their answers with
appropriate explanations.
Web Services Questions and Answers
Web Services Questions and Answers has been designed with a special intention of helping students and professionals preparing for various Certification Exams and Job Interviews.
This section provides a useful collection of sample Interview Questions
and Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) and their answers with
appropriate explanations.
Web Services Questions and Answers
Web Services Questions and Answers has been designed with a special intention of helping students and professionals preparing for various Certification Exams and Job Interviews.
This section provides a useful collection of sample Interview Questions
and Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) and their answers with
appropriate explanations.
Web Services - Quick Guide
What are Web Services?
Different books and different organizations provide different definitions to Web Services. Some of them are listed here.Web Services - Useful Resources
The following resources contain additional information on Web Services. Please use them to get more in-depth knowledge on this.
Discuss Web Services
Web services are open standard (XML, SOAP, HTTP etc.) based Web
applications that interact with other web applications for the purpose
of exchanging data.
Web Services can convert your existing applications into Web-applications.
In this tutorial you will learn what exactly Web Services are and Why and How to use them.
Web Services can convert your existing applications into Web-applications.
In this tutorial you will learn what exactly Web Services are and Why and How to use them.
WebRTC - Voice Demo
In this chapter, we are going to build a client application that
allows two users on separate devices to communicate using WebRTC audio
streams. Our application will have two pages. One for login and the
other for making an audio call to another user.
WebRTC - Video Demo
In this chapter, we are going to build a client application that allows two users on separate devices to communicate using WebRTC. Our application will have two pages. One for login and the other for calling another user.
Web Icons - Quick Guide
Web Icons - Introduction
An icon is a symbol that is used to represent a specific action or a capability on a webpage. Icons are used in documents as well as applications and they can be either selecWebRTC - Overview
The Web is no more a stranger to real-time communication as WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication)
comes into play. Although it was released in May 2011, it is still
developing and its standards are changing.
WebRTC - Environment
Before we start building our WebRTC applications, we should set our
coding environment. First of all, you should have a text editor or IDE
where you can edit HTML and Javascript. There are chances that you have
already chosen the preferred one as you are reading this tutorial. As
for me, I'm using WebStorm IDE. You can download its trial version at https://www.jetbrains.com/webstorm/. I'm also using Linux Mint as my OS of choice.
WebRTC - MediaStream APIs
The MediaStream API was designed to easy access the media streams from local cameras and microphones. The getUserMedia() method is the primary way to access local input devices.
The API has a few key points −
The API has a few key points −
WebRTC - RTCPeerConnection APIs
The RTCPeerConnection API is the core of the peer-to-peer connection
between each of the browsers. To create the RTCPeerConnection objects
simply write
var pc = RTCPeerConnection(config);
WebRTC - RTCDataChannel APIs
WebRTC is not only good at transferring audio and video streams, but any arbitrary data we might have. This is where the RTCDataChannel object comes into play.
WebRTC - Sending Messages
Now let's create a simple example. Firstly, run the signaling server
we created in the “signaling server” tutorial via “node server”.
There will be three text inputs on the page, one for a login, one for a username, and one for the message we want to send to the other peer. Create an index.html file and add the following code −
There will be three text inputs on the page, one for a login, one for a username, and one for the message we want to send to the other peer. Create an index.html file and add the following code −
<html lang = "en"> <head>
WebRTC - Signaling
Most WebRTC applications are not just being able to communicate through video and audio. They need many other features. In this chapter, we are going to build a basic signaling server.
WebRTC - Browser Support
The Web is moving so fast and it is always improving. New standards are created every day. Browsers allow updates to be installed without the user ever knowing, so you should keep up with what is going on in the world of the Web and WebRTC. Here is an overview of what this is up to today.
WebRTC - Mobile Support
In the mobile world, the WebRTC support is not on the same level as
it is on desktops. Mobile devices have their own way, so WebRTC is also
something different on the mobile platforms.
WebRTC - Text Demo
In this chapter, we are going to build a client application that allows two users on separate devices to send messages each other using WebRTC. Our application will have two pages. One for login and the other for sending messages to another user.
WebRTC - Security
In this chapter, we are going to add security features to the signaling server we created in the “WebRTC Signaling” chapter. There will be two enhancements −
- User authentication using Redis database
- Enabling secure socket connection
WebRTC - Quick Guide
WebRTC - Overview
The Web is no more a stranger to real-time communication as WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) comes into play. Although it was released in May 2011, it is still developing and its standards are changing.WebRTC - Useful Resources
The following resources contain additional information on WebRTC. Please use them to get more in-depth knowledge on this topic.
Discuss WebRTC
With Web Real-Time Communication (WebRTC), modern web applications
can easily stream audio and video content to millions of people. In this
tutorial, we would explain how you can use WebRTC to set up
peer-to-peer connections to other web browsers quickly and easily.
WebGL - Introduction
A few years back, Java applications − as a combination of applets and
JOGL − were used to process 3D graphics on the Web by addressing the
GPU (Graphical Processing Unit). As applets require a JVM to run, it
became difficult to rely on Java applets. A few years later, people
stopped using Java applets.
WebGL - Basic Graphics Concepts
Rendering
Rendering is the process of generating an image from a model using computer programs. In graphics, a virtual scene is described using information like geometry, viewpoint, texture, lighting, and shading, which is passed through a render program. The output of this render program will be a digital image.There are two types of rendering −
Html5 Canvas Overview
To create graphical applications on the web, HTML-5 provides a rich
set of features such as 2D Canvas, WebGL, SVG, 3D CSS transforms, and
SMIL. To write WebGL applications, we use the existing canvas element of
HTML-5. This chapter provides an overview of the HTML-5 2D canvas
element.
WebGL - Basics
WebGL is mostly a low-level rasterization API rather than a 3D API.
To draw an image using WebGL, you have to pass a vector representing the
image. It then converts the given vector into pixel format using OpenGL
SL and displays the image on the screen. Writing a WebGL application
involves a set of steps which
we would be explaining in this chapter.
WebGL - Shader Program
We normally use triangles to construct meshes. Since WebGL uses GPU
accelerated computing, the information about these triangles should be
transferred from CPU to GPU which takes a lot of communication overhead.
WebGL - Graphics Pipeline
To render 3D graphics, we have to follow a sequence of steps. These steps are known as graphics pipeline or rendering pipeline. The following diagram depicts WebGL graphics pipeline.
WebGL - Sample Application
We have discussed the basics of WebGL and the WebGL pipeline (a
procedure followed to render Graphics applications). In this chapter, we
are going to take a sample application to create a triangle using WebGL
and observe the steps followed in the application.
WebGL - Context
To write a WebGL application, first step is to get the WebGL
rendering context object. This object interacts with the WebGL drawing
buffer and can call all the WebGL methods. The following operations are
performed to obtain the WebGL context −
WebGL - Geometry
All primitives (or object models) should have well-defined geometric
details. These details may include vertices, indices, color, textures
etc. In WebGL, geometric details are stored in JavaScript arrays.
Graphic objects are created by shader programs which run on the GPU. Geometric details are passed to shader programs using buffer objects.
Graphic objects are created by shader programs which run on the GPU. Geometric details are passed to shader programs using buffer objects.
WebGL - Shaders
Shaders are the programs that run on GPU. Shaders are written in
OpenGL ES Shader Language (known as ES SL). ES SL has variables of its
own, data types, qualifiers, built-in inputs and outputs.
Data Types
The following table lists the basic data types provided by OpenGL ES SL.S.No. | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
1 | void | Represents an empty value. |
2 | bool | Accepts true or false. |
Associating Attributes & Buffer Objects
Each attribute in the vertex shader program points to a vertex buffer
object. After creating the vertex buffer objects, programmers have to
associate them with the attributes of the vertex shader program. Each
attribute points to only one vertex buffer object from which they
extract the data values, and then these attributes are passed to the
shader program.
WebGL - Drawing a Model
After associating the buffers with the shaders, the final step is to
draw the required primitives. WebGL provides two methods namely, drawArrays() and drawElements() to draw models.
drawArrays()
drawArrays() is the method which is used to draw models using vertices. Here is its syntax −void drawArrays(enum mode, int first, long count)This method takes the following three parameters −
WebGL - Drawing Points
We discussed earlier (in Chapter 5) how to follow a step-by-step
process to draw a primitive. We have explained the process in five
steps. You need to repeat these steps every time you draw a new shape.
This chapter explains how to draw points with 3D coordinates in WebGL.
Before moving further, let us take a relook at the five steps.
WebGL - Drawing a Triangle
In the previous chapter (Chapter 11), we discussed how to draw three
points using WebGL. In Chapter 5, we took sample application to
demonstrate how to draw a triangle. In both the examples, we have drawn
the primitives using only vertices.
WebGL - Modes of Drawing
In the previous chapter (Chapter 12), we discussed how to draw a
triangle using WebGL. In addition to triangles, WebGL supports various
other drawing modes. This chapter explains the drawing modes supported
by WebGL.
WebGL - Drawing a Quad
In the previous chapter, we discussed the different drawing modes
provided by WebGL. We can also use indices to draw primitives using one
of these modes. To draw models in WebGL, we have to choose one of these
primitives and draw the required mesh (i.e., a model formed using one or
more primitives).
In this chapter, we will take an example to demonstrate how to draw a quadrilateral using WebGL.
In this chapter, we will take an example to demonstrate how to draw a quadrilateral using WebGL.
WebGL - Colors
In all our previous examples, we applied color to the object by assigning a desired color value to the gl_FragColor
variable. In addition to that, we can define colors for each vertex −
just like vertex coordinates and indices. This chapter takes an example
to demonstrate how to apply colors to a quadrilateral using WebGL.
WebGL - Translation
So far, we discussed how to draw various shapes and apply colors in
them using WebGL. Here, in this chapter, we will take an example to show
how to translate a triangle.
Translation
Translation is one of the affine transformations provided by WebGL. Using translation, we can move a triangle (any object) on the xyz plane.WebGL - Scaling
In this chapter, we will take an example to demonstrate how to modify the scale of a triangle using WebGL.
Scaling
Scaling is nothing but increasing or decreasing the size of an object. For example, if a triangle has vertices of the size [a,b,c], then the triangle with the vertices [2a, 2b, 2c] will be double its size. Therefore, to scale a triangle, you have to multiply each vertices with the scaling factor.WebGL - Rotation
In this chapter, we will take an example to demonstrate how to rotate a triangle using WebGL.
Example – Rotate a Triangle
The following program shows how to rotate a triangle using WebGL.<!doctype html> <html> <body> <canvas width = "400" height = "400" id = "my_Canvas"></canvas> <script>
WebGL - Cube Rotation
In this chapter, we will take an example to demonstrate how to draw a rotating 3D cube using WebGL.
Example – Draw a Rotating 3D Cube
The following program shows how to draw a rotating 3D cube −<!doctype html> <html> <body>
WebGL - Interactive Cube
In this chapter, we will take an example to demonstrate how to draw a 3D cube that can be rotated using mouse controls.
Example – Draw an Interactive Cube
The following program shows how to rotate a cube using mouse controls −<!doctype html> <html> <body>
WebGL - Quick Guide
WebGL - Introduction
A few years back, Java applications − as a combination of applets and JOGL − were used to process 3D graphics on the Web by addressing the GPU (Graphical Processing Unit). As applets require a JVM to run, it became difficult to rely on Java applets. A few years later, people stopped using Java applets.WebGL - Useful Resources
The following resources contain additional information on WebGL. Please use them to get more in-depth knowledge on this.
Discuss WebGL
WebGL (Web Graphics Library) is the new standard for 3D graphics on
the Web, designed for rendering 2D graphics and interactive 3D graphics.
This tutorial starts with a basic introduction to WebGL, OpenGL, and
the Canvas element of HTML-5,
Web2py - Introduction
web2py is defined as a free, open-source web framework for
agile development which involves database-driven web applications; it is
written in Python and programmable in Python. It is a full-stack
framework; it consists of all the necessary components, a developer
needs to build a fully functional web application.
web2py framework follows the Model-View-Controller pattern of running web applications unlike traditional patterns.
web2py framework follows the Model-View-Controller pattern of running web applications unlike traditional patterns.
Web2py - Python Language
Python can be defined as a combination of object-oriented and
interactive language. It is an open source software. Guido van Rossum
conceived python in the late 1980s.
Python is a language similar to PERL (Practical Extraction and Reporting Language), which has gained popularity because of its clear syntax and readability.
The main notable features of Python are as follows −
Python is a language similar to PERL (Practical Extraction and Reporting Language), which has gained popularity because of its clear syntax and readability.
The main notable features of Python are as follows −
Web2py - Framework Overview
web2py is a full-stack web framework that can be used by a developer
to completely develop a web application. It includes SQL database
integration and multi-threaded web server for designing a program.
Web2py - Core
Command Line Options
We have learnt how to start the web2py server using GUI widget in the previous chapter.This widget can be skipped by starting the server from command line prompt.
python web2py.py -a 'your password' -i 127.0.0.1 -p 8000
Web2py - Views
web2py framework uses Models, Controllers and Views in its applications. It includes a slightly modified Python syntax in the Views for more readable code without any restriction as imposed on proper Python usage.
Web2py - Database Abstraction Layer
The Database Abstraction Layer (DAL) is considered as the
major strength of web2py. The DAL exposes a simple Applications
Programming Interface (API) to the underlying SQL syntax.
In this chapter, we will get to know the non-trivial applications of DAL, such as building queries to search by tags efficiently and building a hierarchical category tree.
Some important features of DAL are −
In this chapter, we will get to know the non-trivial applications of DAL, such as building queries to search by tags efficiently and building a hierarchical category tree.
Some important features of DAL are −
Web2py - Forms & Validators
web2py comes with powerful functions for form generation. Four distinct ways to build forms in web2py are as follows −
- FORM − In terms of HTML helpers, it is considered as a low-level implementation. A FORM object is aware of its field contents.
Web2py - Email & SMS
web2py includes functionalities of sending e-mail and SMS to the user. It uses libraries to send emails and sms.
Setting Up Email
The in-built class namely gluon.tools.Mail class is used to send email in web2py framework. The mailer can be defined with this class.from gluon.tools import Mail mail = Mail()
Web2py - Access Control
Authentication
Almost every application needs to be able to authenticate users and set permissions. web2py comes with an extensive and customizable role-based access control mechanism.web2py. It also supports the protocols, such as CAS, OpenID, OAuth 1.0, LDAP, PAM, X509, and many more.Web2py - Services
web2py provides support for various protocols like XML, JSON, RSS, CSV, XMLRPC, JSONRPC, AMFRPC, and SOAP. Each of those protocols is supported in multiple ways, and we make a distinction between −
- Rendering the output of a function in a given format.
- Remote Procedure Calls.
Web2py - Adding Ajax Effects
In this chapter, we will discuss examples of integration of jQuery plugins with web2py. These plugins help in making forms and tables more interactive and friendly to the user, thus improving the usability of your application.
In particular, we will learn
In particular, we will learn
Web2py - Components
A component is defined as the functional part of a web page, which works autonomously. It can be composed of modules, controllers and views, which are embedded in a web page. The component in an application, must be localized tag and the performance is considered to be independent of module.
In web2py, the main focus is on using components that are loaded in page and which communicate with the component controller via AJAX.
In web2py, the main focus is on using components that are loaded in page and which communicate with the component controller via AJAX.
Web2py - Deployment
Installation of web2py in Ubuntu (Linux)
The following steps are implemented for installation of web2py in the Ubuntu Desktop.Step 1 − Download web2py
cd /home mkdir www-dev
Web2py - Security
In the previous chapters, there was complete information on the
implementation of web2py with various tools. The major concern for
developing web2py applications includes security from a user’s
perspective.
The unique features of web2py are as follows −
The unique features of web2py are as follows −
Web2py - Quick Guide
Web2py - Introduction
web2py is defined as a free, open-source web framework for agile development which involves database-driven web applications; it is written in Python and programmable in Python. It is a full-stack framework; it consists of all the necessary components, a developer needs to build a fully functional web application.web2py framework follows the Model-View-Controller pattern of running web applications unlike traditional patterns.
Web2py - Useful Resources
The following resources contain additional information on Web2py. Please use them to get more in-depth knowledge on this.
Discuss Web2py
web2py is defined as a free, open-source web framework for agile
development which involves database-driven web applications. It is
written and programmable in Python. It is a full-stack framework and
consists of all the necessary components a developer needs to build
fully functional web applications.
Web Icons - Introduction
An icon is a symbol that is used to represent a specific action or a
capability on a webpage. Icons are used in documents as well as
applications and they can be either selectable or non-selectable. For
example, the images that we see on the buttons of an application are all
icons and these buttons are selectable. Similarly, when we use an icon
as a company logo, it is normally non-selectable.
Font Awesome Icons
Font Awesome icons library provides 519 free scalable vector icons.
This library is completely free for both personal and commercial use.
Originally designed for Bootstrap, these icons can be customized easily.
Font Awesome - Web Application Icons
This chapter explains the usage of Font Awesome Web Application icons. Assume that custom is the CSS class name where we defined the size and color, as shown in the example given below.
<html> <head> <link rel = "stylesheet" href = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <style>
Font Awesome - Hand Icons
This chapter explains the usage of Font Awesome Hand icons. Assume that custom is the CSS class name where we defined the size and color, as shown in the example given below.
<html> <head> <link rel = "stylesheet" href = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <style>
Font Awesome - Transportation Icons
This chapter explains the usage of Font Awesome Transportation icons. Assume that custom is the CSS class name where we defined the size and color, as shown in the example given below.
<html> <head> <link rel = "stylesheet" href = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <style>
Font Awesome - Gender Icons
This chapter explains the usage of Font Awesome Gender icons. Assume that custom is the CSS class name where we defined the size and color, as shown in the example given below.
<html> <head> <link rel = "stylesheet" href = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <style>
Font Awesome - File Type Icons
This chapter explains the usage of Font Awesome File Type icons. Assume that custom is the CSS class name where we defined the size and color, as shown in the example given below.
<html> <head> <link rel = "stylesheet" href = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <style>
Font Awesome - Spinner Icons
This chapter explains the usage of Font Awesome Spinner icons. Assume that custom is the CSS class name where we defined the size and color, as shown in the example given below.
<html> <head> <link rel = "stylesheet" href = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <style>
Font Awesome - Form Control Icons
This chapter explains the usage of Font Awesome Form Control icons. Assume that custom is the CSS class name where we defined the size and color, as shown in the example given below.
<html> <head> <link rel = "stylesheet" href = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <style>
Font Awesome - Payment Icons
This chapter explains the usage of Font Awesome Payment icons. Assume that custom is the CSS class name where we defined the size and color, as shown in the example given below.
<html> <head> <link rel = "stylesheet" href = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <style>
Font Awesome - Chart Icons
This chapter explains the usage of Font Awesome Chart icons. Assume that custom is the CSS class name where we defined the size and color, as shown in the example given below.
<html> <head>
Font Awesome - Currency Icons
This chapter explains the usage of Font Awesome Currency icons. Assume that custom is the CSS class name where we defined the size and color, as shown in the example given below.
<html> <head> <link rel = "stylesheet" href = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <style>
Font Awesome - Text Editor Icons
This chapter explains the usage of Font Awesome Text Editor icons. Assume that custom is the CSS class name where we defined the size and color, as shown in the example given below.
<html> <head>
Font Awesome - Directional Icons
This chapter explains the usage of Font Awesome Directional icons. Assume that custom is the CSS class name where we defined the size and color, as shown in the example given below.
<html> <head>
Font Awesome - Video Player Icons
This chapter explains the usage of Font Awesome Video Player icons. Assume that custom is the CSS class name where we defined the size and color, as shown in the example given below.
<html> <head>
Font Awesome - Brand icons
This chapter explains the usage of Font Awesome Brand icons. Assume that custom is the CSS class name where we defined the size and color, as shown in the example given below.
<html> <head> <link rel = "stylesheet" href = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <style>
Font Awesome - Medical Icons
This chapter explains the usage of Font Awesome Medical icons. Assume that custom is the CSS class name where we defined the size and color, as shown in the example given below.
<html> <head>
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