Wednesday, February 15, 2017

CSS - Visibility

A property called visibility allows you to hide an element from view. You can use this property along with JavaScript to create very complex menu and very complex webpage layouts.
You may choose to use the visibility property to hide error messages that are only displayed if the user needs to see them, or to hide answers to a quiz until the user selects an option.

CSS - Positioning

CSS helps you to position your HTML element. You can put any HTML element at whatever location you like. You can specify whether you want the element positioned relative to its natural position in the page or absolute based on its parent element.
Now, we will see all the CSS positioning related properties with examples −

CSS - Layers

CSS gives you opportunity to create layers of various divisions. The CSS layers refer to applying the z-index property to elements that overlap with each other.

CSS - Pseudo Classes

CSS pseudo-classes are used to add special effects to some selectors. You do not need to use JavaScript or any other script to use those effects. A simple syntax of pseudo-classes is as follows −
selector:pseudo-class {property: value}
CSS classes can also be used with pseudo-classes −

CSS - Pseudo Elements

CSS pseudo-elements are used to add special effects to some selectors. You do not need to use JavaScript or any other script to use those effects. A simple syntax of pseudo-element is as follows −
selector:pseudo-element {property: value}

CSS - @ Rules

This chapter will cover the following important @ rules −
  • The @import: rule imports another style sheet into the current style sheet.
  • The @charset rule indicates the character set the style sheet uses.
  • The @font-face rule is used to exhaustively describe a font face for use in a document.
  • The !important rule indicates that a user-defined rule should take precedence over the author's style sheets.

CSS Filters - Text and Image Effects

You can use CSS filters to add special effects to text, images and other aspects of a webpage without using images or other graphics. Filters only work on Internet Explorer 4.0+,. If you are developing your site for multi browsers, then it may not be a good idea to use CSS filters because there is a possibility that it would not give any advantage.

CSS - Media Types

One of the most important features of style sheets is that they specify how a document is to be presented on different media: on the screen, on paper, with a speech synthesizer, with a braille device, etc.
We have currently two ways to specify media dependencies for style sheets −

CSS Paged Media - @page Rule

Paged media differ from continuous media in that the content of the document is split into one or more discrete pages. Paged media includes paper, transparencies, pages that are displayed on computer screens, etc.

CSS - Aural Media

A web document can be rendered by a speech synthesizer. CSS2 allows you to attach specific sound style features to specific document elements.
Aural rendering of documents is mainly used by the visually impaired. Some of the situations in which a document can be accessed by means of aural rendering rather than visual rendering are the following.

CSS Printing - @media Rule

You can use CSS to change the appearance of your web page when it's printed on a paper. You can specify one font for the screen version and another for the print version.

CSS - Layouts

Hope you are very comfortable with HTML tables and you are efficient in designing page layouts using HTML Tables. But you know CSS also provides plenty of controls for positioning elements in a document. Since CSS is the wave of the future, why not learn and use CSS instead of tables for page layout purposes?

CSS - Validations

Validation is the process of checking something against a rule. When you are a beginner, it is very common that you will commit many mistakes in writing your CSS rules. How you will make sure whatever you have written is 100% accurate and up to the W3 quality standards?

CSS3 - Tutorial

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the look and formatting of a document written in a markup language.CSS3 is a latest standard of css earlier versions(CSS2).The main difference between css2 and css3 is follows

CSS3 - Rounded Corners

CSS3 Rounded corners are used to add special colored corner to body or text by using the border-radius property.A simple syntax of rounded corners is as follows −
#rcorners7 {
   border-radius: 60px/15px;
   background: #FF0000;
   padding: 20px; 
   width: 200px;
   height: 150px; 

CSS3 - Border image

CSS Border image property is used to add image boarder to some elements.you don't need to use any HTML code to call boarder image.A sample syntax of boarder image is as follows −
#borderimg {
   border: 10px solid transparent;
   padding: 15px;

CSS3 - Multi Background

Multi Background

CSS Multi background property is used to add one or more images at a time without HTML code, We can add images as per our requirement.A sample syntax of multi background images is as follows −
#multibackground {

CSS3 - Colors

CSS3 has Supported additional color properties as follows −
  • RGBA colors
  • HSL colors
  • HSLA colors
  • Opacity

CSS3 - Gradients

What is Gradients?

Gradients displays the combination of two or more colors as shown below −

Types of gradients

  • Linear Gradients(down/up/left/right/diagonally)
  • Radial Gradients

CSS3 - shadow

CSS3 supported to add shadow to text or elements.Shadow property has divided as follows
  • Text shadow
  • Box Shadow

Text shadow

CSS3 supported to add shadow effects to text. Following is the example to add shadow effects to text
<html>
   <head>

CSS3 - Text

CSS3 contained several extra features, which is added later on
  • text-overflow
  • word-wrap
  • word-break
There are following most commonly used property in CSS3

CSS3 - Web fonts

Web fonts are used to allows the fonts in CSS, which are not installed on local system.

Different web fonts formats

Fonts Description
TrueType Fonts (TTF) TrueType is an outline font standard developed by Apple and Microsoft in the late 1980s, It became most common fonts for both windows and MAC operating systems

CSS3 - 2d Transforms

2D transforms are used to re-change the element structure as translate, rotate, scale, and skew
The following table has contained common values which are used in 2D transforms

CSS3 - 3D transforms

Using with 3d transforms, we can move element to x-axis, y-axis and z-axis, Below example clearly specifies how the element will rotate

CSS3 - Animation

Animation is process of making shape changes and creating motions with elements.

@keyframes

Keyframes will control the intermediate animation steps in CSS3.

Example of key frames with left animation

@keyframes animation {
   from {background-color: pink;}
   to {background-color: green;}

CSS3 - Multi columns

CSS3 supported multi columns to arrange the text as news paper structure.
Some of most common used multi columns properties as shown below −
Values Description
column-count Used to count the number of columns that element should be divided
column-fill Used to decide, how to fill the columns
column-gap Used to decide the gap between the columns

CSS3 - User Interface

The user interface property allows you to change any element into one of several standard user interface elements.
Some of the common properties which are using in css3 User interface.

CSS3 - Box Sizing

Box sizing property is using to change the height and width of element.
since css2, the box property has worked like as shown below −
width + padding + border = actual visible/rendered width of an element's box
height + padding + border = actual visible/rendered height of an element's box

CSS - Responsive

CSS3 Responsive Web Design

Responsive web design provides an optimal experience, easy reading and easy navigation with a minimum of resizing on different devices such as desktops, mobiles and tabs)

CSS Questions and Answers

CSS Questions and Answers has been designed with a special intention of helping students and professionals preparing for various Certification Exams and Job Interviews. This section provides a useful collection of sample Interview Questions and Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) and their answers with appropriate explanations.

CSS - Quick Guide

What is CSS?

Cascading Style Sheets, fondly referred to as CSS, is a simple design language intended to simplify the process of making web pages presentable.

CSS2 - Reference Guide

This is a complete reference guide for web developers where we have listed all the CSS properties defined in the World Wide Web Consortium's Recommended Specification for Cascading Style Sheets, Level 2.

CSS - Color References

The following table shows the 16 color names that were introduced in HTML 3.2, to support the 16 colors that 8-bit graphics cards offered. Same set of color can be used in CSS −

CSS - Browser Support Reference

CSS3 Browser Support Reference

Below list contained properties which are supported by specific web browsers
Properties Internet Explorer Fire fox Chrome Safari Opera
align-content 11 28 21 webkit−7 12.1
align-self 11 20 21 webkit−7 12.1

CSS - Web Safe Fonts Reference

font combinations

CSS3 has adapted font combinations technology. In here,if the browser doesn't support the first font then it tries the next font

CSS - Units

CSS Units

CSS has several units for different units such as width, margin, padding, font-size, border-width, etc.length indicates by using numerical value followed by length units such as px,dp,em,etc. It does not allow white spaces in between numerical values and length units.Length units has divided as follows

CSS - Animation

Animation

Animation is the process of creating motion effects and change the appearance.CSS does supported different animation effects to change the event motion
Following table list down all the effects which you can use in CSS

CSS - Px to Em converter

PX to EM Converter

Instructions
  • Default pixel size should be 16px
  • Then enter px values to convert EM values
  • Or else, convert em values to PX values based on requirement

CSS - Color Picker

CSS - Useful Resources

The following resources contain additional information on CSS. Please use them to get more in-depth knowledge on this topic.

Discuss CSS

CSS is used to control the style of a web document in a simple and easy way.
CSS is the acronym for "Cascading Style Sheet". This tutorial covers both the versions CSS1,CSS2 and CSS3, and gives a complete understanding of CSS, starting from its basics to advanced concepts.

cPanel - Overview

cPanel is a Linux-based hosting management control panel. It is used to manage your website and server’s backend working system. It provides graphical user interface for most of the tasks we perform on the website’s server, for example, uploading files, creating emails, setting cron jobs, handling databases, etc.

cPanel - Registering a Domain Name

If you have a website developed locally or you have planned to make a website, then there are two things that you will need — a Domain Name and Web Hosting. A Domain name is the address of your website, which will be used by your users to access it. For example, tutorialspoint.com or google.com these are domain names.

cPanel - Getting Web Hosting

If you have already registered your domain name, the next step is to get a web hosting for your website. Web hosting is a service, which provides space for your website on internet. If you want your website to publish online, then you will have to get web hosting service.

cPanel - Setting Up Nameserver

When you have purchased your hosting, you will have to connect your domain with the hosting that you have purchased. If you have purchased the domain and hosting from the same provider, then it is liable that your Nameservers are already setup.

cPanel - Logging into cPanel Dashboard

In this chapter, we will learn to login into the cPanel Dashboard. For logging into the dashboard, you will need your login credentials. This information is sent to you, when you have signed up for cPanel hosting or you may have created during purchase of hosting.

cPanel - Changing Password

When you are successfully logged into a cPanel Dashboard, first and foremost, change the password of your cPanel account. This is very important, so that the security of cPanel remains intact. Nobody would want their website to be hacked.

cPanel - Styles

You can change cPanel’s look and feel using this interface. cPanel has two major interface styles in which you can manage your web hosting. Although these interface is very standard, but these can be modified by your server administrator or reseller account admin to change its logo and icons etc.

cPanel - Contact Information

In this interface of cPanel, you are allowed to change the system email address. It is the email address on which the system can notify you for important updates. You cannot use your system email address or any email address, which is connected with your domain, so that you do not lose any important update, when the system is down.

cPanel - Home

Once you are logged into cPanel dashboard, you will see that it has so many options. In this chapter, you will find a quick brief of every option shown in the cPanel dashboard.

cPanel - Statistics & Dashboard

In this chapter, we will discuss about the cPanel statistics and the dashboard along with a few examples and screenshots for better understanding.

cPanel - User Manager

This is a new feature introduced in the latest edition of cPanel. Through this user manager section, you can control all the users you have in your cPanel with a single interface. This interface will show you all the user accounts, who have email accounts or FTP accounts that are associated with your domain.

cPanel - File Manager

cPanel File Manager gives you useful options to quickly manage your files within the cPanel interface. It’s easy to use and it removes the hassles of using FTP. You can create, upload, modify or remove files from this interface. It also gives the feature of moving files to Trash before permanently deleting them, from which it can be recovered later.

cPanel - File Permissions

All files and directories in Linux Operating System has access permissions. This feature gives the ability to the user for setting up different access levels for each user and also Operating system gets the ability to deal with different request for accessing the file. This feature makes system more secure to potential security threats. There are three types of access permissions −

cPanel - Images

With this feature of cPanel, you can manage and modify your Images directly through its Interface. The image must be uploaded into your account to use this feature. To access cPanel Images, click Images Link found on your files section.

cPanel - Image Scaler

Image Scaler is a very useful tool to scale an Image to increase or decrease its dimensions, or we can say to resize an Image. To scale an image, we need to follow these steps −
Step 1 − Open Image Scaler by clicking Scaler from Images section.

cPanel - Image Converter

Image converter can be used for converting image format of any image. It can convert from one supported type to any other supported type. To use Image converter, open the interface by clicking Converter link from Images section.

cPanel - Directory Privacy

This feature of cPanel allows us to protect certain directories with a username and password. If a directory is protected by this, then if somebody from the front end of your website tries to access the file, they will be prompted to provide a username and password, if username of password does not match, then the user will not be able to see the content of that directory.

cPanel - Disk Usage

cPanel Disk Usage is a very efficient way to monitor your accounts available and use disk spaces. This feature scans your disk to provide you a graphical overview of the Disk usage. It displays disk space used by directories, but it does not show how much space is consumed by an individual file.

cPanel - FTP

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) allows you to manage your files with third party applications like FileZilla, CoreFTP, etc. Using a FTP file manager to upload files is a great practice when the number of files or size of the files is large.

cPanel - FTP Sessions

The cPanel FTP Session interface shows current users, which are logged in to website through FTP. This interface is helpful and it helps you to terminate unwanted connections with one click.
To access this feature, click FTP Sessions link from the Files section of cPanel.

cPanel - Backup

This feature of cPanel is very useful for your website. We can use backup feature for transferring our website to the new host. If we are making a change in the website files or database, we can create a backup of website.

cPanel - Backup Wizard

You can use cPanel Backup Wizard to Backup and Restore your cPanel website step by step. cPanel Backup wizard is created for non–advanced users to simplify the backup and restore process.
To use cPanel Backup Wizard, open this interface by clicking the Backup Wizard link, which can be found under the Files section of the cPanel Home.

cPanel - MySQL Databases

MySQL is the most popular Open Source SQL Database management system. To manage a huge volume of data efficiently, we store the data in tables, a group of many tables can be created in a single database. This interface allows you to create and manage the existing MySQL databases.

cPanel - MySQL Database Wizard

MySQL Database Wizard is a step by step process to create a MySQL database and user and finally adding the user to access the database.
To use this interface, we will need to open MySQL Database Wizard, which can be found in the database section of cPanel Home, as shown below.

cPanel - phpMyAdmin

The phpMyAdmin is a third-party tool to manage tables and data inside a database. It is graphical user interface to manage MySQL databases. You can manually create Tables, Import and Export data or edit the values of a row through it.
To access phpMyAdmin, click on the phpMyAdmin link, which can be found under the databases section of cPanel Home.
phpMyAdmin Link You will see a dashboard similar to this.
phpMyAdmin On the left hand pane, there is a list of databases, which can be expended to see the table in each database. On the right hand pane, there is general information of Database server.

Execute an SQL Query

To execute an SQL Query on a database, we will need to perform the following steps −
Step 1 − Select the database from left pane by clicking over the name of the database. Once the database is selected, it will show you the structure of the database.
Step 2 − Click on SQL from top bar to open SQL editor.
SQL Editor Step 3 − Write your query into the SQL editor. You can also enter multiple queries, separated by semicolon (;).
Multiple Queries Step 4 − Click Go button to execute the query. If the query is executed successfully, you will get a success message.

cPanel - Remote MySQL

This feature of cPanel allows remote servers or web application to access a database hosted on your account. If a server or web application tries to access the database on your account, which is not provided access to, then cPanel will not allow this host to access your database.

cPanel - Subdomains

Subdomain is a domain, which is a part of a primary domain and exists in the same server. We can also say it is a second website, which resides under the main domain, however it may or may not have any relation with the root website. we can run a new website under this subdomain.

cPanel - Aliases

This feature of cPanel allows your website to load from another domain. When a user enters the Alias Domain or Parked Domain to access the website, the cPanel automatically redirects them to your main domain and load the main website.

cPanel - Addon Domain

Addon Domains are addition domains hosted in your account, stored in subfolders. System treats these domains as a subdomain to your system. If you want to run a whole different website under the same hosting plan, you can use this feature of cPanel.

cPanel - Redirect

The redirect interface allows you to send all the visitors or traffic of a Domain or a particular webpage to a new domain. For example, if you moved your website to a new domain and you want to redirect all your visitors to new website, you need to setup redirect. There are two types of redirects available −

cPanel - Simple Zone Editor

DNS (Domain Name System) is a very essential part of Internet System. It simply maps a FQDN (Full Qualified Domain Name), which is in human readable form. For example, www.tutorialspoint.com to IP address, which are used by computer machine, e.g. 117.18.237.191.

cPanel - Advance Zone Editor

This interface is the advanced version of Simple Zone Editor, which we have gone through in the previous chapter. We can add, edit or delete various types of records here, which are A, AAAA, CNAME (Conical Name Record), SRV (Service Record), TXT (Text Record). We can also configure TTL (Time to Live) with records in this interface.

cPanel - Email Accounts

You can create and manage email accounts of your domain through this interface. You can Create email address, configure your mail client, change your passwords and access your webmail directly.

cPanel - Email Forwarders

You can create multiple email account in your cPanel email as per your need. When the number of emails accounts get higher, you will need to open each account to view the emails received. To overcome this issue, you can forward the copy these emails of one account to another account, so now you will have to only open one account to view all the emails. You can also discard the email or send it to a program.

cPanel - Webmail

Webmail is a web-based email client, which allows you to access your emails through any browser or any computer. This is very helpful when you do not have access to your computer on which your email is setup, you can login to your account from anywhere to read your emails and to quickly respond.

cPanel - MX Entry

This feature of cPanel allows to route all your emails to a specific server. Changes you make here also get reflected in the domain’s DNS entries. This feature is important to create a backup server for your domain’s mail server to receive when your main server is down.

cPanel - Autoresponders

You can add or modify Autoresponders for your email accounts through this interface. You can configure an email to send an automated reply to all emails you receive to your email account. You can make an automated reply to say that you have received the email and you will reply soon.

cPanel - Track Delivery

This Interface of cPanel is used to see delivery reports of emails. This interface can show the errors, while sending your email. You can also see spam scores of your emails. A spam score is provided by Apache Spamassassin. You can also check the emails delivery route to help you identify any problems in the delivery attempt.

cPanel - Email Filters

Email filters are useful to create rules to block unwanted emails, based on certain rules you choose. You can specify some rules like a message containing a specific word should be deleted or passed to a specific program.

cPanel - Authentications

Email Authentications prevent the email from going into the spam folder of recipients. cPanel uses DKIM and SPF to reduce the amount of spam mails. Enabling these features will prevent spammers from forging messages that claims to be coming from your domain.

cPanel - Address Importer

cPanel address importer can be used to create multiple email address or forwarders in your account. For example, you have 100 employees in your office and you want each employee to have an email address, then if you have a list of email addresses of employees,

cPanel - Encryption

cPanel supports GnuPG or GNU Privacy Guard, which is an open-source software to encrypt and decrypt messages using cryptographic algorithms. GnuPG uses a public and private key infrastructure to implement this feature.

cPanel - Apache Spamassassin

Apache Spamassassin is a software integrated into the cPanel, which helps to prevent getting spam messages in your mailbox. It helps in preventing your mail box to get flooded with spam messages. When Apache Spamassassin is enabled, it rates every message by a spam score.

cPanel - Visitors

This interface of cPanel allows you to view the statics and analytics for your domains. These simple metrics feature helps you to get the idea about your performance and optimize the quality of your websites.

cPanel - Errors

This function will display the last 300 errors for your site. This can be very useful for finding broken links or problems with missing files. Checking this log frequently can help keep your site running smoothly. This can help you to debug your website errors.

cPanel - Bandwidth

This function allows you to see the bandwidth usage for your site. It shows the current month’s bandwidth usage, as well as your total bandwidth usage. This will include all HTTP (web) and POP (mail) bandwidth usage, and may include FTP bandwidth usage, if your system administrator has enabled FTP bandwidth logging.

cPanel - Webalizer

Webalizer is a complex statistics based program, which produces a variety of charts and graphs about who has visited your website. This is a sort of analyzer that shows you the data in the form of graphs and pie charts.

cPanel - Raw Access

Raw Access Logs allow you to see who has visited your website without displaying graphs, charts, or other graphics. You can use the Raw Access Logs menu to download a zipped version of the server’s access log for your site. This can be very useful when you want to quickly see who has visited your site.

cPanel - CPU and Connection Usage

To access your CPU and Concurrent connection usage, click CPU and Concurrent Connection usage under Metrics section of the cPanel home.

cPanel - IP Blocker

cPanel IP blocker enables you to block your website for a single IP address, domain name or a range of IP address. All those users, who will try to access your website from blocked IP addresses will not be able to access your website. You can manually deny those IP addresses, who are using your website’s bandwidth or doing malicious activity.

cPanel - SSH / TLS

SSL (Socket Security Layer) or TLS (Transport Layer Security) is a mechanism for encrypting data, which is transferring from your computer to host or server and vice versa.

cPanel - Hotlink Protection

Hotlink Protection prevents other websites to directly load data from your website. For example, when somebody links an Image on your website to load up on his website, when a visitor visits the other website, the image is loaded form your website consuming your bandwidth.

cPanel - Ruby on Rails

This interface of cPanel allows you to create and Install a Ruby on Rails application. If you have a Ruby on Rails application developed, you can deploy it to your server using this interface.
To Create a Ruby on Rails Application, follow these steps −

cPanel - Optimize Website

This interface of cPanel helps you to enable gzip compression. Apache allows you to compress the data before sending it to the browser and then web browser extracts the data and displays the webpage. All modern browsers support gzip compression. This gzip compression needs Apache

cPanel - Cron Jobs

If you want to run a command or a php program on a specified time interval like once a day or once a week, you can setup cron jobs in this interface. Cron jobs allow you to run a specific command or program automatically. This is often required, if you are using a software like CRM or Billing Software. Setting up cron jobs more often may degrade your server’s performance.

cPanel - Track DNS

You can use this interface of cPanel to find out the general DNS of a domain. It will give you the IP address of that domain, mail servers and raw DNS information. This can be useful to retrieve network information.

cPanel - Indexes

You can customize the way a directory looks in your website. By default, cPanel displays the list of files and directories, if there is no index file in that directory. You can choose the way it displays the list of contents in the front-end.

cPanel - Error Pages

When visitors browse your website and there is some problem accessing your website, your webserver automatically provides a basic error page. A Basic error page shown by apache webserver, when an error is encountered.

cPanel - MIME Types

MIME (Multi–Purpose Internet Mail Extensions) types tell the browsers how to handle certain types of files. When a file is sent to a browser of your website’s visitor, it also sends the MIME type of that file with that too. The MIME type tells the browser about the type of file and how the file will be served to the user.

cPanel - Virus Scanner

Many cPanel web hosting comes with this ClamAV virus scanner feature to guard against potential threats on your server. You can run on-demand scan of your files to see if they are infected with any virus or not.

cPanel - Softaculous Apps Installer

Softaculous Apps Installer is an auto script installer, which installs the most popular PHP, JavaScript, Perl applications in just a few clicks. When using Softaculous Apps Installer, you will not need to manually install applications by first uploading the files and then creating the database and finally installing them. But you can install them in a few clicks.

cPanel - Installing WordPress

You can directly install WordPress in your website by making a few clicks through the Softaculous Apps Installer. WordPress is a very popular content management software as more than a million websites are powered by it.

cPanel - FileZilla FTP Client

FileZilla is an open source FTP client, it is available on multiple platforms like Linux and Windows. This client also supports FTP over secured connections that is SFTP and FTPS. You can use this software to upload and manage your files in your webserver.

cPanel - CloudFlare

CloudFlare is a CDN (Content Delivery Network) with both free and paid plans. Most cPanel hosting comes with cPanel CloudFlare plugin, which helps you to quickly signup for CloudFlare and use their CDN. Using CloudFlare has many advantages like it distributes the content over the Internet making our website load faster. It protects the website from SQL injection and DDOS and encrypts the website using SSL.

cPanel - Quick Guide

cPanel - Overview

cPanel is a Linux-based hosting management control panel. It is used to manage your website and server’s backend working system. It provides graphical user interface for most of the tasks we perform on the website’s server, for example, uploading files, creating emails, setting cron jobs, handling databases, etc.

cPanel - Useful Resources

The following resources contain additional information on cPanel. Please use them to get more in-depth knowledge on this.

Discuss cPanel

cPanel is a Linux-based web hosting control panel. It provides graphical user interface and is packed with lots of features that automates the process of hosting a website. It is a premium software, which is developed by a private company, cPanel Inc.